CoVIg-19 Plasma Alliance Announces Topline Results from NIH-Sponsored Clinical Trial of Investigational COVID-19 Hyperimmune Globulin Medicine
April 2021
https://www.takeda.com/newsroom/newsreleases/2021/covig-19-plasma-alliance-announces-topline-results-from-nih-sponsored-clinical-trial-of-investigational-covid-19-hyperimmune-globulin-medicine/
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Takeda teams up with plasma firms for Covid-19 hyperimmune therapy
07 Apr 2020
https://www.pharmaceutical-technology.com/news/takeda-hyperimmune-therapy-covid-19/
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A closer look at Takeda’s blood-based alternative to a Covid-19 vaccine
30 Apr 2020
https://www.clinicaltrialsarena.com/analysis/covid-19-treatment-takeda/
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Dramatic Response to Convalescent Hyperimmune Plasma in Association With an Extended Course of Remdesivir in 4 B Cell–Depleted Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma Patients With SARS-Cov-2 Pneumonia After Rituximab Therapy
May 21, 2021
https://www.clinical-lymphoma-myeloma-leukemia.com/article/S2152-2650(21)00200-7/fulltext
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Hyperimmune anti-COVID-19 IVIG (C-IVIG) treatment in severe and critical COVID-19 patients: A phase I/II randomized control trial
June 04, 2021
https://www.thelancet.com/journals/eclinm/article/PIIS2589-5370(21)00206-6/fulltext
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Hyperimmune plasma in three immuno-deficient patients affected by non-severe, prolonged COVID-19: a single-center experience
01 July 2021
https://bmcinfectdis.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12879-021-06321-2
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Convalescent plasma or hyperimmune immunoglobulin for people with COVID-19: a living systematic review
2020
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32648959/
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The Effectiveness of Convalescent Plasma and Hyperimmune Immunoglobulin for the Treatment of Severe Acute Respiratory Infections of Viral Etiology: A Systematic Review and Exploratory Meta-analysis
16 July 2014
https://academic.oup.com/jid/article/211/1/80/799341
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Convalescent plasma or hyperimmune immunoglobulin for people with COVID-19: a rapid review
2020
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32406927/
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The rise and fall of hyperimmune plasma: from illusion against Covid-19 to oblivion
July 20, 2021
https://perfecttechco.com/2021/07/20/the-rise-and-fall-of-hyperimmune-plasma-from-illusion-against-covid-19-to-oblivion/
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Convalescent plasma and hyperimmune globulin therapy in COVID-19
12 Mar 2021.
https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/1744666X.2021.1894927
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Treatment of Muscle Injuries with Platelet-Rich Plasma: a Review of the Literature
2018 Oct 20
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/labs/pmc/articles/PMC6220013/
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Leaky gut and microbial dysbiosis could contribute to cytokine storm in severely ill COVID-19 cases
Apr 8 2021
https://www.news-medical.net/news/20210408/Leaky-gut-and-microbial-dysbiosis-could-contribute-to-cytokine-storm-in-severely-ill-COVID-19-cases.aspx
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How leaky gut leaves you vulnerable to a virus, like COVID-19
2021
https://easyhealthoptions.com/how-leaky-gut-leaves-you-vulnerable-to-a-virus-like-covid-19/
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Coronavirus causes lower respiratory tract infections less frequently than RSV in hospitalized Norwegian children
2011
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21057374/
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Human Coronavirus in Hospitalized Children With Respiratory Tract Infections: A 9-Year Population-Based Study From Norway
10 November 2018
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30418633/
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Human adenovirus in nasopharyngeal and blood samples from children with and without respiratory tract infections
2018 Dec 18
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30594701/
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Characteristics and Outcomes of Coronavirus Infection in Children: The Role of Viral Factors and an Immunocompromised State
13 February 2018
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29447395/
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The dominance of human coronavirus OC43 and NL63 infections in infants
2011 Dec 19
Abstract
Background: It is unknown to what extent the human coronaviruses (HCoVs) OC43, HKU1, 229E and NL63 infect healthy children. Frequencies of infections are only known for hospitalized children.
Objectives: Comparing infection frequencies in children who have mild infections with frequencies in children needing hospital uptake will determine whether infection by one of the four HCoVs leads to more severe disease. In addition, the sequence of seroconversions can reveal whether infection by one HCoV protects from infection by other HCoVs.
Study design: Two distinct study groups were monitored: healthy children and children hospitalized due to respiratory infection. HCoV natural infection rates in healthy children were obtained by serology in 25 newborns (followed 0-20months). The frequencies of severe HCoVs infection was determined by real time RT-PCR among 1471 hospitalized infants (<2-years old) with acute respiratory tract disease.
Results: The majority of healthy children seroconverted for HCoV-OC43 (n=19) and HCoV-NL63 (n=17), less for HCoV-HKU1 (n=9) and HCoV-229E (n=5). Notably, HCoV-HKU1 seroconversion was absent after HCoV-OC43 infection. Also HCoV-229E infection was rarely observed after HCoV-NL63 infection (1 out of 5). In the hospital 207 (14%) out of 1471 children were HCoV positive. Again we observed most infection by HCoV-OC43 (n=85) and HCoV-NL63 (n=60), followed by HCoV-HKU1 (n=47) and HCoV-229E (n=15).
Conclusions: HCoV-NL63 and HCoV-OC43 infections occur frequently in early childhood, more often than HCoV-HKU1 or HCoV-229E infections. HCoV-OC43 and HCoV-NL63 may elicit immunity that protects from subsequent HCoV-HKU1 and HCoV-229E infection, respectively, which would explain why HCoV-OC43 and HCoV-NL63 are the most frequently infecting HCoVs. There are no indications that infection by one of the HCoVs is more pathogenic than others.
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Pediatric Community Acquired Pneumonia: Lower Amoxicillin Dose and Shorter Duration May Be Effective
November 04, 2021
https://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/962250
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Children, Leaky Guts, Covid-19 and Toxic Shock
July 16, 2021
https://vlcrain17.wordpress.com/2021/07/16/children-leaky-guts-covid-19-and-toxic-shock/
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Are GMOs Creating Leaky Guts?
2019
https://www.thecaregrouppc.com/are-gmos-creating-leaky-guts-2/
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Leaky Gut Syndrome and GMO Foods
https://www.glutenfreesociety.org/leaky-gut-syndrome-and-gmo-foods/
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Gut Wrenching News: GMOs Causing Deadly Bacteria to Flourish in Digestive System
December 3, 2014
https://naturalsociety.com/gut-wrenching-news-study-finds-gmos-cause-deadly-bacteria-flourish-digestive-system/
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Gene mutation weakens virus-fighting protein in the gut, causing rare inflammatory bowel disease
July 30, 2021
https://medicalxpress.com/news/2021-07-gene-mutation-weakens-virus-fighting-protein.html
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Gut-lung axis and dysbiosis in COVID-19
2020 Jun 21
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/labs/pmc/articles/PMC7314510/
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Severe COVID-19 found to be associated with disrupted intestinal Peyer’s patches
Dec 21 2021
https://www.news-medical.net/news/20211221/Severe-COVID-19-found-to-be-associated-with-disrupted-intestinal-Peyere28099s-patches.aspx
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Covid vaccine: What is capillary leak syndrome? EU identifies new condition
Apr 10, 2021
https://www.express.co.uk/life-style/health/1421345/AstraZeneca-blood-clots-capillary-leak-syndrome-symptoms-evg
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AstraZeneca vaccine is linked to another dangerous blood condition
09/04/2021
https://www.msn.com/en-gb/health/medical/astrazeneca-vaccine-is-linked-to-another-dangerous-blood-condition/ar-BB1ftVIo
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JAB WORRY: AstraZeneca vaccine linked to second blood condition after five cases of capillary leak syndrome reported
10 Apr 2021
https://www.thesun.co.uk/news/health-news/14604372/astrazeneca-vaccine-linked-dangerous-blood-condition/
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AstraZeneca vaccine: Seven reported side effects that ‘prompt medical advice’ – PHE
Apr 12, 2021
BLOOD clots have been designated a very rare side effect of the AstraZeneca vaccine but overall benefits of getting the vaccine far outweigh the risk, the European Medicines Agency (EMA) has concluded. According to Public Health England (PHE), there are seven symptoms associated with the jab that should “prompt medical advice”.
https://www.express.co.uk/life-style/health/1422110/astrazeneca-vaccine-side-effects-pin-prick-rash-blurred-vision-shortness-of-breath-oxford
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EU adds another rare blood condition as side effect of AstraZeneca COVID-19 shot
11 Jun 2021
https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/world/covid-19-vaccine-heart-inflammation-blood-myocarditis-14994524
BRUSSELS: Europe’s drug regulator on Friday (Jun 11) identified another rare blood condition as a potential side effect of AstraZeneca’s COVID-19 vaccine and said it was looking into cases of heart inflammation after inoculation with all coronavirus shots.
The European Medicines Agency’s (EMA) safety committee said that capillary leak syndrome must be added as a new side effect to labelling on AstraZeneca’s vaccine, known as Vaxzevria.
People who had previously sustained the condition, where fluids leak from the smallest blood vessels causing swelling and a drop in blood pressure, should not receive the shot, the EMA added.
The regulator first began looking into these cases in April and the recommendation adds to AstraZeneca’s woes after its vaccine was associated with very rare and potentially lethal cases of blood clotting that come with a low platelet count.
Last month, the EMA had advised against using the second AstraZeneca shot for people with that clotting condition, known as thrombosis with thrombocytopenia syndrome (TTS).
The committee reviewed six validated cases of capillary leak syndrome in people, mostly women, who had received Vaxzevria, including one death. Three had had a history of the condition.
AstraZeneca declined to immediately comment…
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Covid-19 Vaccines and Myocarditis Link Probed by Researchers
Several theories are under investigation seeking to explain heart-inflammation conditions among small numbers of vaccinated
Nov. 7, 2021
https://www.wsj.com/articles/researchers-probe-link-between-covid-19-vaccines-and-myocarditis-11636290002
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Israel sees probable link between Pfizer COVID-19 vaccine and small number of myocarditis cases
02 Jun 2021
https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/world/israel-pfizer-covid-19-vaccine-heart-inflammation-myocarditis-14930096?cid=h3_referral_inarticlelinks_24082018_cna
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Myocarditis and Pericarditis Following mRNA COVID-19 Vaccination
June 23, 2021
https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/vaccines/safety/myocarditis.html
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Clinical Considerations: Myocarditis and Pericarditis after Receipt of mRNA COVID-19 Vaccines Among Adolescents and Young Adults
April 2021
https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/covid-19/clinical-considerations/myocarditis.html
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Pericarditis
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pericarditis
Pericarditis is inflammation of the pericardium (the fibrous sac surrounding the heart). Symptoms typically include sudden onset of sharp chest pain, which may also be felt in the shoulders, neck, or back. The pain is typically less severe when sitting up and more severe when lying down or breathing deeply. Other symptoms of pericarditis can include fever, weakness, palpitations, and shortness of breath. The onset of symptoms can occasionally be gradual rather than sudden.
The cause of pericarditis often remains unknown but is believed to be most often due to a viral infection. Other causes include bacterial infections such as tuberculosis, uremic pericarditis, heart attack, cancer, autoimmune disorders, and chest trauma. Diagnosis is based on the presence of chest pain, a pericardial rub, specific electrocardiogram (ECG) changes, and fluid around the heart. A heart attack may produce similar symptoms to pericarditis.
Treatment in most cases is with NSAIDs and possibly the anti-inflammatory medication colchicine. Steroids may be used if these are not appropriate. Symptoms usually improve in a few days to weeks but can occasionally last months. Complications can include cardiac tamponade, myocarditis, and constrictive pericarditis. Pericarditis is an uncommon cause of chest pain. About 3 per 10,000 people are affected per year. Those most commonly affected are males between the ages of 20 and 50. Up to 30% of those affected have more than one episode.
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FAQ on Sudden Death and Myocarditis
2021
https://www.myocarditisfoundation.org/research-and-grants/faqs/sudden-death-and-myocarditis/
A rare form of heart disease, myocarditis develops when the heart muscle becomes inflamed and enlarged, thus weakening the heart. Naturally, the risk of sudden death for people with myocarditis is a reason for concern. Because it’s the mission of Myocarditis Foundation to raise awareness about this condition, we’ve asked Monte Willis, MD, Ph.D., FASCP, FCAP to assemble the most frequently asked questions (FAQs) about sudden death. Learn more from his answers below.
What is sudden death, and how does it present clinically?
Sudden death syndrome (SDS) refers to an umbrella of cardiac conditions, such as myocarditis, that can lead to sudden cardiac arrest and even death. It presents as sustained abnormal electrical activity within the heart. Sudden death due to a loss of heart function typically occurs within one hour of symptoms beginning, which may include:
Dizziness
Trouble breathing
Loss of consciousness
A fluttering feeling in the heart or heart palpitations
Unexplained chest pain and/or fainting, especially when exercising
However, in some cases, symptoms may not be present at all, and victims may die instantly. Unfortunately, many people don’t know they have SDS until a cardiac event occurs. Sudden cardiac death is responsible for up to half of heart disease deaths, and in many cases, it can affect young athletes with underlying genetic heart disease or those who have experienced a viral or bacterial infection reaching the heart.
What are the known causes of sudden death?
A majority of sudden death cases are linked to coronary heart disease, heart attacks, and heart failure. While the incidence of sudden death from myocarditis in older adults is unknown, roughly 1-9% of deceased patients are found to have evidence of cardiac inflammation. However, in young adults, nearly 20% of sudden death cases are linked to myocarditis. Further, up to half of sudden death victims with HIV show evidence of myocarditis during their autopsy.
Other acquired and hereditary cardiac conditions may also lead to sudden death, including:
Left ventricular hypertrophy, which is an enlarged heart due to high blood pressure
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy or arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy, which are both caused by genetic mutations in heart proteins
Mitral valve prolapse, which is mainly caused by infections
Congenital coronary artery anomalies, which are due to inherited defects
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World Health Day 2021: Why children who suffered from COVID-19 are vulnerable to myocarditis
September 2021
https://www.msn.com/en-in/news/other/world-health-day-2021-why-children-who-suffered-from-covid-19-are-vulnerable-to-myocarditis/ar-AAOWkFO
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New information for parents on myocarditis and COVID-19 vaccines
July 01, 2021
As a primary care pediatrician, I have been getting lots of questions from parents about myocarditis and pericarditis after COVID-19 vaccination. Many parents who had planned to get their children vaccinated are hesitant now, worried about what they are hearing on the news.
What are myocarditis and pericarditis?
Myocarditis is inflammation of the muscle of the heart, and pericarditis is inflammation of the tissue that forms a sac around the heart. There are many possible causes of this inflammation. Infections, especially viruses, are a common cause. It can also be caused by autoimmune conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis, certain medications, heavy metals, and radiation treatments. It has also been caused by vaccines, although this is rare. The symptoms are chest pain, shortness of breath, or an abnormal heartbeat (fast, fluttering, or pounding).
Currently, about 1,000 cases of myocarditis and pericarditis have been reported after vaccination against COVID-19 with one of the mRNA vaccines, Pfizer/BioNTech or Moderna. The cases have been most common in male adolescents and young adults, occurring most often after the second dose, and usually within several days of receiving the vaccine. The majority of cases have been mild. Experts are still gathering information, but as of this writing, 79% of teens and young adults who experienced this had recovered.
https://www.health.harvard.edu/blog/new-information-for-parents-on-myocarditis-and-covid-19-vaccines-202107012523
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mRNA inventor says young adults shouldn’t have to get COVID vaccine
6/24/2021
https://www.msn.com/en-us/health/medical/mrna-inventor-says-young-adults-shouldnt-have-to-get-covid-vaccine/ar-AALnhq5
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Evidence grows stronger for Covid vaccine link to heart issue, CDC says
June 10, 2021
The condition, called myocarditis, is usually mild, but a handful of patients remain hospitalized.
https://www.nbcnews.com/health/health-news/evidence-grows-stronger-covid-vaccine-link-heart-issue-cdc-says-n1270339
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AstraZeneca vaccine may be linked to capillary leak syndrome – what are the symptoms?
Apr 11, 2021
https://www.express.co.uk/life-style/health/1421260/astrazeneca-vaccine-side-effects-capillary-leak-syndrome-symptoms
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What Is Capillary Leak Syndrome, And Is It Really Linked to The AstraZeneca Vaccine?
2021
https://www.sciencealert.com/capillary-leak-syndrome-and-astrazeneca-vaccine-link
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Scientists Find How AstraZeneca Vaccine Causes Clots
April 22, 2021
https://www.webmd.com/vaccines/covid-19-vaccine/news/20210422/scientists-find-how-astrazeneca-vaccine-causes-clots
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RED ALERT Mum’s legs erupted in rash and blisters after Covid vaccine but urges others to get jab
Apr 21 2021
https://www.the-sun.com/news/2747468/mums-legs-erupted-rash-blisters-after-covid-vaccine/
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Common Cold Coronaviruses Tied to Less Severe COVID-19 Cases
Nov 11, 2020
https://www.the-scientist.com/news-opinion/common-cold-coronaviruses-tied-to-less-severe-covid-19-cases-68146
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Update on Human Rhinovirus and Coronavirus Infections
2016
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7171723/
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Rhinovirus and coronavirus infection-associated hospitalizations among older adults
2002
Abstract
Rhinoviruses and coronaviruses are recognized as the major causes of the common cold syndrome. The role of these viruses in more serious respiratory illnesses resulting in hospitalization is less well defined. During a winter when influenza A infection was prevalent, 100 elderly adults hospitalized because of cardiopulmonary illnesses were evaluated for rhinovirus and coronavirus infection. Patients who tested negative for influenza or respiratory syncytial virus had nasal swab samples tested for rhinovirus, coronavirus OC43, and coronavirus 229E by reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction and for coronaviruses by serologic testing. Twelve percent of patients had rhinovirus or coronavirus identified (rhinovirus, 4 patients; coronavirus 229E, 4 patients; coronavirus OC43, 3 patients; and mixed rhinovirus/coronavirus 229E infection, 1 patient). All patients had significant underlying diseases. Although all patients recovered, the mean length of stay was 8 days; 4 persons had pneumonia, and 1 required ventilator support. These data suggest that rhinoviruses and coronaviruses may be associated with serious respiratory illnesses in frail older adults.
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Viral Infections of the Upper Airway in the Setting of COVID-19: A Primer for Rhinologists
2020 Aug 6
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32762250/
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TMPRSS2 Contributes to Virus Spread and Immunopathology in the Airways of Murine Models after Coronavirus Infection
2019 Mar 15
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30626688/
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Russia Spreading Disinformation Other Countries Out to Sabotage Its Covid Vaccine, EU Says
4/28/2021
https://www.newsweek.com/russia-spreading-disinformation-other-countries-out-sabotage-its-covid-vaccine-eu-says-1587251
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Why Covid Vaccines Work Better on Some People
April 2021
https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/explained-why-covid-vaccines-work-better-on-some-people/articleshow/81780136.cms
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Sterilizing Immunity and COVID-19 Vaccines
December 24, 2020
What can we expect from the first-generation vaccines?
https://www.verywellhealth.com/covid-19-vaccines-and-sterilizing-immunity-5092148
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Surprising Side Effects of the COVID Vaccine, Say Doctors
February 17, 2021
Know what to expect before getting your shots
1. Lymph Node Swelling
2. Chills That Won’t Stop
3. Allergic Reaction
4. Second Dose May Pack a Punch
5. Other Rare Side Effects
https://www.eatthis.com/news-surprising-side-effects-covid-vaccine/
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The Janssen COVID-19 Vaccine’s Local Reactions, Systemic Reactions, Adverse Events, and Serious Adverse Events
August 12, 2021
https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/covid-19/info-by-product/janssen/reactogenicity.html
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“COVID Arm”: Very delayed large injection site reactions to mRNA COVID-19 vaccines
2021 Apr 20
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8056968/
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Unilateral Lymphadenopathy After COVID-19 Vaccination: A Practical Management Plan for Radiologists Across Specialties
2021 Mar 4
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33713605/
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Enlarged lymph nodes after COVID-19 vaccination could be mistaken for cancer
Mar 03, 2021
https://www.firstpost.com/tech/science/enlarged-lymph-nodes-after-covid-19-vaccination-could-be-mistaken-for-cancer-9369171.html
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COVID-19 Vaccination-Related Lymphadenopathy: What To Be Aware Of
Apr 9 2021
https://pubs.rsna.org/doi/10.1148/rycan.2021210038
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Lymphadenopathy Associated With the COVID-19 Vaccine
2021 Feb 23
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7994368/
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Incidence and Characteristics of Delayed Injection Site Reaction to the mRNA-1273 SARS-CoV2 Vaccine (Moderna) in a Cohort of Hospital Employees
2021
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34086881/
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Moderna Vaccine Can Trigger Red, Itchy ‘COVID Arm,’ But It’s Temporary
May 12, 2021
https://www.usnews.com/news/health-news/articles/2021-05-12/moderna-vaccine-can-trigger-red-itchy-covid-arm-but-its-temporary
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What’s the New Phenomenon Called “COVID Vaccine Arm”?
January 28, 2021
The eighth day delayed reaction to the Moderna COVID-19 vaccine.
https://www.psychologytoday.com/gb/blog/heal-the-mind-heal-the-body/202101/what-s-the-new-phenomenon-called-covid-vaccine-arm
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Delayed Localized Hypersensitivity Reactions to the Moderna COVID-19 Vaccine: A Case Series
2021
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33978670/
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COVID-19 vaccines: comparison of biological, pharmacological characteristics and adverse effects of Pfizer/BioNTech and Moderna Vaccines
2021
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33629336/
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Electromagnetic Radiations From Vaccine Injection Spot; EMF Reader Shows Harmful Reading? (VIDEO)
May 26, 2021
https://www.ibtimes.sg/vaccinated-people-emitting-radiation-injected-spot-emf-reader-shows-harmful-reading-57730
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Inadvertent subcutaneous injection of COVID-19 vaccine
2021
https://pmj.bmj.com/content/97/1148/400
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Reactogenicity Following Receipt of mRNA-Based COVID-19 Vaccines
April 5, 2021
https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2778441
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Scientist shows vaccine effects in autopsies
September 20th, 2021
https://odysee.com/@plandemic:26/Scientist-shows-vaccine-effects-in-autopsies-Dont-believe-it-See-for-yourself:f
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Will the vaccine continue to make spike proteins?
Jan 6, 2021
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SQztlqblgVI
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Spike Protein Circulating in the Vaccinated: What does it mean?
2021
https://www.deplatformdisease.com/blog/spike-protein-circulating-in-the-vaccinated-what-does-it-mean
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Spike protein still present 12+ weeks after first and only Pfizer shot.
2021
https://www.reddit.com/r/CovidVaccinated/comments/nvb84c/spike_protein_still_present_12_weeks_after_first/
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Your covid questions, answered: Can the Coronavirus Hibernate in Your Body, Reemerge Years Later?
2021
https://www.washingtonpost.com/health/your-covid-questions-answered-can-the-coronavirus-hibernate-in-your-body-reemerge-years-later/2021/06/25/1473cf16-d50c-11eb-a53a-3b5450fdca7a_story.html
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Coronavirus and Cancer Act Alike. That Could Be a Good Thing.
Jun. 30, 2020
https://www.thedailybeast.com/coronavirus-and-cancer-act-alike-that-could-be-a-good-thing
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Researchers discover how PARP inhibitors selectively kill BRCA-mutant cancer cells
Aug 12 2021
https://www.news-medical.net/news/20210812/Researchers-discover-how-PARP-inhibitors-selectively-kill-BRCA-mutant-cancer-cells.aspx
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Coronavirus and cancer hijack the same parts in human cells to spread – and our team identified existing cancer drugs that could fight COVID-19
2020
Most antivirals in use today target parts of an invading virus itself. Unfortunately, SARS-CoV-2 – the virus that causes COVID-19 – has proven hard to kill. But viruses rely on cellular mechanisms in human cells to help them spread, so it should be possible to change an aspect of a person’s body to prevent that and slow down the virus enough to allow the immune system to fight the invader off.
I am a quantitative biologist, and my lab built a map of how the coronavirus uses human cells. We used that map to find already existing drugs that could be repurposed to fight COVID-19 and have been working with an international group of researchers called the QBI Coronavirus Research Group to see if the drugs we identified showed any promise. Many have.
For years, researchers have suspected that kinases – biological control switches that viruses use to take over cells – could be targeted to fight infections. Over the last few months, we built a second, more detailed map looking specifically for the kinases that the coronavirus is hijacking.
Using this map, we identified a few already existing cancer drugs which alter the function of the kinases that SARS-CoV-2 hijacks, and began testing them in coronavirus-infected cells. The results of these early tests are promising enough that we are working with some groups and have already begun human clinical trials.
(This map shows how the coronavirus changes the function of kinases – cellular switches involved in most biological processes – and the proteins they control. It guided researchers from UCSF to cancer drugs that could fight COVID-19).
Kinases in disease and as drug targets
Kinases are proteins found in every cell of our body. There are 518 human kinases, and they act as major control hubs for virtually all processes in the body. They are able to add a small marker – a process called phosphorylation – to other proteins and thus change how, if and when a phosphorylated protein can do its work.
For example, if a cell is preparing to grow – say to heal a cut on your finger – specific kinases will turn on and start telling proteins involved in cell growth what to do. Many cancers are caused by overactive kinases leading to uncontrolled cell growth, and drugs that slow kinases down can be highly effective at treating cancer.
Kinases are central players in cellular function as well as in most diseases, so researchers and pharmaceutical companies have studied them in great detail.
Kinases are also fairly easy to target with drugs because of how they add phosphorylation markers to proteins. Researchers have developed a huge number of drugs, particularly cancer drugs, that work by essentially throwing a wrench into the mechanics of specific kinases in order to stop cell growth.
So what does this have to do with the coronavirus? Well, viruses and cancer actually have more in common than you might think. Cancer is essentially a malfunctioning of cellular machinery that causes runaway cell growth.
Viruses also change the function of cellular machinery – albeit on purpose – but instead of causing cell growth, the machinery is repurposed to produce more viruses. Not surprisingly, viruses take control over many kinases to do this.
Coronavirus at the controls
This idea – that SARS-CoV-2 is using kinases to hijack cellular machinery – is why we wanted to build a map of every kinase that is taken over by the coronavirus. Any virus–kinase interaction could be a potential target for drugs.
To do this, we first infected green monkey cells – which are fairly good surrogates for human cells when it comes to virus infection – with SARS-CoV-2. We then ground up these infected cells and used a device called a mass spectrometer to see which proteins were phosphorylated in these infected cells. We then did the same thing with healthy cells.
It is impossible to actually see which kinases are activated at any time, but since each kinase can attach phosphorylation markers to only a few specific proteins, researchers can look at the phosphorylated proteins to determine what kinases are active at any time.
We made two lists: one list of phosphorylated proteins in healthy cells and one list of phosphorylated proteins in infected cells. We then compared the two, and by looking at the differences between the infected and uninfected lists, we were able to determine which kinases the coronavirus uses to reproduce.
Because researchers still don’t fully understand what all 518 human kinases do, we were able to look for effects in only 97 of the ones we know most about. But that turned out to be more than enough. Of those 97 kinases, we found 49 that the virus affects.
Some of the more interesting ones include Casein Kinase 2, which is involved in controlling how a cell is shaped. We also identified several kinases that work together in what is called the p38/MAPK signaling pathway. This pathway responds to and controls our body’s inflammation reaction. It is possible these kinases could be involved in the cytokine storm – a dangerous immune system overreaction – that some patients with severe COVID-19 experience.
While identifying the kinases involved in SARS-CoV-2 replication, we were also able to learn a lot about how the virus changes our bodies. For example, CK2 becomes much more active during the course of coronavirus infection and causes the growth of little tubes that extend from the surface of the cell. Under a microscope, it looks as if the cell has a full head of hair. We think SARS-CoV-2 might be using these long cell outgrowths – called filopodia – as viral highways to get new viruses closer to neighboring cells, thereby making infection easier.
Kinases inhibitors in the lab and clinical trials
Learning more about the virus’s function is interesting for a biologist like me and could be useful down the road, but the ultimate goal of our project was to find drugs to treat COVID-19.
Once we knew which kinases SARS-CoV-2 uses to replicate and the proteins they change, we looked through a database of around 250 kinase-inhibiting drugs to see if any of them targeted the kinases used by the virus. To increase our chances, we also looked for drugs that hit some of the proteins the kinases act on. And sure enough, we found some.
There are 87 existing drugs that change the kinase-controlled pathways used by the coronavirus. Most of these drugs are already approved for human use or are currently in clinical trials to treat cancer, and could be quickly repurposed to treat COVID-19 patients.
With these leads, our collaborators in New York and Paris tested the effect of 68 of those drugs on cells infected with SARS-CoV-2. Several of these were effective in killing the virus in cells. A few that we are especially excited about – silmitasertib, gilteritinib, ralimetinib, apilimod and dinaciclib – are either approved for treatment, in clinical testing or under preclinical development for various diseases.
Silmitasertib stops Casein Kinase 2, the kinase that causes cells to grow the virus spreading filopodia tubes. As soon as the company that makes silmitasertib heard this news, they announced that they wanted to test the drug against COVID-19 in the clinic.
Drugs hitting kinase pathways have been on the radar of researchers as potential powerful antivirals for years, but none have come to fruition. By looking to this new area of drug applications and using our new mapping approach, our team has added dozens of drugs to the growing list of potential tools to help fight this pandemic.
It is still too early to say whether any of these will work to treat COVID-19 in patients, but the more chances we have, the better.
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Cancer “hijacks” your cells and turns your body against itself, just like mRNA Covid-19 vaccines (Controversial)
Jun 20, 2021
https://www.survivethenews.com/cancer-hijacks-your-cells-and-turns-your-body-against-itself-just-like-mrna-covid-19-vaccines/
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Coronavirus Deranges the Immune System in Complex and Deadly Ways
March 4, 2021
https://khn.org/news/article/covid-autoimmune-virus-rogue-antibodies-cytokine-storm-severe-disease/
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SARS-CoV-2 will constantly sweep its tracks: a vaccine containing CpG motifs in ‘lasso’ for the multi-faced virus
2020 Jul 12
Abstract
During the current COVID-19 pandemic, the global ratio between the dead and the survivors is approximately 1 to 10, which has put humanity on high alert and provided strong motivation for the intensive search for vaccines and drugs. It is already clear that if we follow the most likely scenario, which is similar to that used to create seasonal influenza vaccines, then we will need to develop improved vaccine formulas every year to control the spread of the new, highly mutable coronavirus SARS-CoV-2. In this article, using well-known RNA viruses (HIV, influenza viruses, HCV) as examples, we consider the main successes and failures in creating primarily highly effective vaccines. The experience accumulated dealing with the biology of zoonotic RNA viruses suggests that the fight against COVID-19 will be difficult and lengthy. The most effective vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 will be those able to form highly effective memory cells for both humoral (memory B cells) and cellular (cross-reactive antiviral memory T cells) immunity. Unfortunately, RNA viruses constantly sweep their tracks and perhaps one of the most promising solutions in the fight against the COVID-19 pandemic is the creation of ‘universal’ vaccines based on conservative SARS-CoV-2 genome sequences (antigen-presenting) and unmethylated CpG dinucleotides (adjuvant) in the composition of the phosphorothioate backbone of single-stranded DNA oligonucleotides (ODN), which can be effective for long periods of use. Here, we propose a SARS-CoV-2 vaccine based on a lasso-like phosphorothioate oligonucleotide construction containing CpG motifs and the antigen-presenting unique ACG-containing genome sequence of SARS-CoV-2. We found that CpG dinucleotides are the most rare dinucleotides in the genomes of SARS-CoV-2 and other known human coronaviruses, and hypothesized that their higher frequency could be responsible for the unwanted increased lethality to the host, causing a ‘cytokine storm’ in people who overexpress cytokines through the activation of specific Toll-like receptors in a manner similar to TLR9-CpG ODN interactions. Interestingly, the virus strains sequenced in China (Wuhan) in February 2020 contained on average one CpG dinucleotide more in their genome than the later strains from the USA (New York) sequenced in May 2020. Obviously, during the first steps of the microevolution of SARS-CoV-2 in the human population, natural selection tends to select viral genomes containing fewer CpG motifs that do not trigger a strong innate immune response, so the infected person has moderate symptoms and spreads SARS-CoV-2 more readily. However, in our opinion, unmethylated CpG dinucleotides are also capable of preparing the host immune system for the coronavirus infection and should be present in SARS-CoV-2 vaccines as strong adjuvants.
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ORF3a of the COVID-19 virus SARS-CoV-2 blocks HOPS complex-mediated assembly of the SNARE complex required for autolysosome formation
December 16, 2020
https://www.cell.com/developmental-cell/fulltext/S1534-5807(20)31016-9
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Combination of a Sindbis-SARS-CoV-2 spike vaccine and αOX40 antibody elicits protective immunity against SARS-CoV-2 induced disease and potentiates long-term SARS-CoV-2-specific humoral and T-cell immunity
2021
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34075383/
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Heat-controllable CAR T cells destroy tumors and prevent relapse in new study
2021
https://medicalxpress.com/news/2021-08-heat-controllable-car-cells-tumors-relapse.html
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FDA-Approved CAR T-Cell Therapies Offer New Treatment Opportunities for Mantle Cell Lymphoma
August 25, 2021
https://www.pharmacytimes.com/view/fda-approved-car-t-cell-therapies-offer-new-treatment-opportunities-for-mantle-cell-lymphoma
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Cancer cells can hibernate like bears to evade chemotherapy
1/14/2021
https://www.msn.com/en-us/health/medical/cancer-cells-can-hibernate-like-bears-to-evade-chemotherapy/ar-BB1cJHJc
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Sleeping Viruses
https://askabiologist.asu.edu/plosable/sleeping-viruses
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Novel method for dating ‘hibernating’ HIV strains
September 5, 2018
https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2018/09/180905142037.htm
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Study shows how HIV copies itself in the body
December 15, 2021
https://medicalxpress.com/news/2021-12-hiv-body.html
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HIV’s Dormant Period Helps It Spread As Part of Virus’ Evolutionary Survival Strategy
2015
https://www.ibtimes.com/hivs-dormant-period-helps-it-spread-part-virus-evolutionary-survival-strategy-1829418
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Ebola is a master of disguise
February 11, 2021
https://medicalxpress.com/news/2021-02-ebola-master-disguise.html
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How Ebola Is (and Is Not) Like HIV/AIDS
April 24, 2020
https://www.healthline.com/health-news/how-ebola-is-and-is-not-like-aids-101414
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Same but Different? A Comparison of Ebola Virus Disease and Covid-19 After the Ebola Epidemic in Eastern DRC (2018–20)
April 24, 2020
https://africanarguments.org/2020/04/same-but-different-a-comparison-of-ebola-virus-disease-and-covid-19-after-the-ebola-epidemic-in-eastern-drc-2018-20/
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Remdesivir targets a structurally analogous region of the Ebola virus and SARS-CoV-2 polymerases
October 7, 2020
https://www.pnas.org/content/117/43/26946
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Malaria’s Deadly Weapon: A Morphing Molecule that Keeps the Parasite a Step Ahead
Aug 15 2007
https://www.hhmi.org/news/malarias-deadly-weapon-morphing-molecule-keeps-parasite-step-ahead
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Dendrimer-RNA nanoparticles generate protective immunity against lethal Ebola, H1N1 influenza, and Toxoplasma gondii challenges with a single dose
2016 Jul 5
Abstract
Vaccines have had broad medical impact, but existing vaccine technologies and production methods are limited in their ability to respond rapidly to evolving and emerging pathogens, or sudden outbreaks. Here, we develop a rapid-response, fully synthetic, single-dose, adjuvant-free dendrimer nanoparticle vaccine platform wherein antigens are encoded by encapsulated mRNA replicons. To our knowledge, this system is the first capable of generating protective immunity against a broad spectrum of lethal pathogen challenges, including H1N1 influenza, Toxoplasma gondii, and Ebola virus. The vaccine can be formed with multiple antigen-expressing replicons, and is capable of eliciting both CD8(+) T-cell and antibody responses. The ability to generate viable, contaminant-free vaccines within days, to single or multiple antigens, may have broad utility for a range of diseases.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27382155/
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Dendrimers: The tiny tentacles shown to evade our immune response
August 12, 2021
Tiny synthetic particles known as dendrimers avoid detection by our immune system and could help develop a new way to deliver drugs into the body without triggering a reaction.
The new research led by Professor Moein Moghimi, Professor of Pharmaceutics and Nanomedicine at the School of Pharmacy, Newcastle University, UK, in collaboration with international colleagues is published in Nature Communications alongside an accompanying blog.
The dendrimer is a chemically-created molecule with tentacles branching out in a highly-symmetrical structure around a central core. The research describes how dendrimer tentacles arranged incredibly closely to each other—less than one nanometer apart—avoided detection by the complement system, part of our immune system.
Our immune system is equipped with many tools to recognize and eliminate invaders. For example, our blood contains sensors belonging to a family of defense system known as the “complement system,” which recognizes unique patterns expressed by invaders such as bacteria and viruses. Binding of these sensors to pathogens alarms the immune system and triggers an immune response. These sensors are termed “complement pattern-recognition (CPR)” molecules.
CPR can sense surface patterns that are regularly repeated so close to each other, for instance in 2–15 nanometer ranges—a distance, which is at least 5000 times thinner than the thickness of a typical sheet of paper.
The international team discovered however, that the CPR could not sense patterns repeated closer to each other, for instance, at 1 nanometer or less.
At a nanoscale level, the team grew tiny particles known as dendrimers which are shaped like trees with many branches—or tiny tentacles. The number of tentacles exponentially increases with dendrimer size and the tentacles are positioned less than 1 nanometer from each other. The ends of tentacles are where regular patterns appear. Depending on chemical structure of these patterns, they found that these dendrimers could escape detection by the CPR radar.
Professor Moein Moghimi explains: “This discovery shows that we can develop certain dendrimers as very tiny carriers to smuggle drugs into the body without triggering our immune system. Activation of the complement system as the defense mechanisms of our immune system can sometimes result in inflammation and may also induce anaphylactic reactions. One example is we have seen anaphylaxis in some recipients of COVID-19 vaccines, which uses small lipid particles and instead with dendrimers we could avoid these adverse reactions.”
(Fig. 1: Dendrimer characteristics and the role of dendrimer end-terminal functionality in complement activation).
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Application of Dendrimers for Treating Parasitic Diseases
2021-03-05
Abstract: Despite advances in medical knowledge, parasitic diseases remain a significant global health burden and their pharmacological treatment is often hampered by drug toxicity. Therefore, drug delivery systems may provide useful advantages when used in combination with conventional therapeutic compounds. Dendrimers are three-dimensional polymeric structures, characterized by a central core, branches and terminal functional groups. These nanostructures are known for their defined structure, great water solubility, biocompatibility and high encapsulation ability against a wide range of molecules. Furthermore, the high ratio between terminal groups and molecular volume render them a hopeful vector for drug delivery. These nanostructures offer several advantages compared to conventional drugs for the treatment of parasitic infection. Dendrimers deliver drugs to target sites with reduced dosage, solving side effects that occur with accepted marketed drugs. In recent years, extensive progress has been made towards the use of dendrimers for therapeutic, prophylactic and diagnostic purposes for the management of parasitic infections. The present review highlights the potential of several dendrimers in the management of parasitic diseases.
https://covid19-data.nist.gov/pid/rest/local/paper/application_of_dendrimers_for_treating_parasitic_diseases
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Engineering of Janus-Like Dendrimers with Peptides Derived from Glycoproteins of Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1: Toward a Versatile and Novel Antiviral Platform
2021-06-28
https://europepmc.org/article/PMC/PMC8234430
Abstract: Novel antiviral nanotherapeutics, which may inactivate the virus and block it from entering host cells, represent an important challenge to face viral global health emergencies around the world. Using a combination of bioorthogonal copper-catalyzed 1,3-dipolar alkyne/azide cycloaddition (CuAAC) and photoinitiated thiolene coupling, monofunctional and bifunctional peptidodendrimer conjugates were obtained. The conjugates are biocompatible and demonstrate no toxicity to cells at biologically relevant concentrations. Furthermore, the orthogonal addition of multiple copies of two different antiviral peptides on the surface of a single dendrimer allowed the resulting bioconjugates to inhibit Herpes simplex virus type 1 at both the early and the late stages of the infection process. The presented work builds on further improving this attractive design to obtain a new class of therapeutics.
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Dendrimer end-terminal motif-dependent evasion of human complement and complement activation through IgM hitchhiking
11 August 2021
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-021-24960-6
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Developments in Treatment Methodologies Using Dendrimers for Infectious Diseases.
2021 May 31
https://search.bvsalud.org/global-literature-on-novel-coronavirus-2019-ncov/resource/es/covidwho-1323314
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Dendrimers and Polymer Drugs Conjugate Market Viewpoint | Trends and Predictions 2021-2028 |Hinge Health Inc, Sword Health, S.A, Mira Rehab Limited, Bridgeway Senior Healthcare, Motekforce Link, Gesturetek Inc
June 30, 2021
https://manometcurrent.com/dendrimers-and-polymer-drugs-conjugate-market-viewpoint-trends-and-predictions-2021-2028-hinge-health-inc-sword-health-s-a-mira-rehab-limited-bridgeway-senior-healthcare-motekforce-link-gestu/
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Dendrimers News
https://www.azonano.com/nanotechnology-news.aspx?CatID=17
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From small dendrimers, mighty OLEDs grow
23rd April 2002
High efficiency organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs) using pioneering dendrimer materials have been developed by UK scientists.
High efficiency organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs) using pioneering dendrimer materials have been developed by scientists sponsored by display technology developer Opsys. The results have broad implications for the commercialisation of OLED technology in the flat panel display industry.
https://www.theengineer.co.uk/from-small-dendrimers-mighty-oleds-grow/
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Study unveils strain-induced quantum phase transitions in magic-angle graphene
August 26, 2021
https://phys.org/news/2021-08-unveils-strain-induced-quantum-phase-transitions.html
Over the past few years, many physicists and material scientists worldwide have been investigating the properties and characteristics of magic-angle twisted bilayer graphene (MATBG). MATBG is a strongly correlated material that was first experimentally realized in 2018. This unique material hosts a diverse array of highly correlated phases, including metals, semimetals, Chern insulators, quantum anomalous hall states and, perhaps most interestingly, superconductivity.
A schematic figure of twisted bilayer graphene under strain (we use unrealistic strain parameters to exaggerate strain).
Researchers at University of California, Berkeley (UC Berkeley) have recently carried out a study investigating the effects of uniaxial heterostrain on the interacting phase diagram of MATBH. Their findings, published in Physical Review Letters, suggest that small strain values led to a zero-temperature phase transition between two states, namely the symmetry-broken Kramers intervalley-coherent insulator and nematic semimetal phases.
“A key goal of our field is to understand the origin of superconductivity in MATBG and flesh out the mechanism responsible,” Daniel Parker and Tomo Soejima, two of the researchers who carried out the study, told Phys.org via email. “However, there is an important puzzle of the MATBG phase diagram, which complicates any attempt to divine the nature of the superconductivity, namely at charge neutrality, some experiments find a semimetallic state, while other see insulators. Our work proposes that a particular phase transition may resolve this discrepancy.”
All actions and changes in MATBG occur in what are known as its active bands. These bands include 2 Chern bands, times 2 valleys and times 2 spins, for a total of 8. Scientists can easily adjust the number of electrons in the system experimentally, which in turn allows them to tune these bands from all empty to all full.
“As an analogy, one can think of this like having 8 buckets that can be filled with water,” Parker explained. “For a given amount of water, the MATBG picks out one, and only one, way to distribute the water. For instance, if there are two buckets worth of water, then MATBG might choose to fill 2 buckets full to the brim, or to fill 4 buckets each halfway. The phase of the system is labeled by two things: 1. how the water (electrons) is distributed in the buckets (bands) and 2. how hard is it to add one more drop of water (i.e., whether the system is insulating or conducting).”
While the insulating or conducting nature of a system is fairly easy to infer experimentally, the distribution of electrons in the bands of MATBH much harder to determine. In their paper, Parker, Soejima and their colleagues wanted to explore what happens when the number of electrons is such that it cancels the charge of carbon atoms (known as the charge neutrality point) or, when considering the water buckets analogy, if buckets are halfway filled with water.
While some past studies investigating this have observed insulating states (i.e., where it is hard to add “one more drop”), others have observed metals or semimetallic states instead. From a theoretical standpoint, previous work by Nick Bultinck and his collaborators suggests that the insulating state could be a Kramers-intervalley coherent (KIVC) state. To explain this using the water bucket analogy, it would be as if all buckets were filled halfway, but they were strangely paired up with one partner filled only on the left half and the other filled only on the right.
“Further work by Bultinck and his colleagues showed that this state is one possible origin for superconductivity in MATBG,” Parker and Soejima said. “The alternative semimetallic phase is much more conventional, where the bottom half of each bucket is filled. The primary question we sought to answer was why, when previous theory predicted a KIVC state, one might observe the semimetal instead.”
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How to create a virus that completely evades vaccine (Controversial)
Feb 9, 2021
Paul Biensiasz is a virologist at Rockefeller Medical, he authored this on twitter, titled “musings of a pissed virologist”
https://www.physicsforums.com/threads/how-to-create-a-virus-that-completely-evades-vaccine.999522/
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Red blood cells overlapping tightly in a “curved coin roll” appearance. Indicative of digestive imbalance and intestinal stress due to enzyme deficiencies or inappropriate diet.
2021
https://livebloodonline.com/red-blood-cells-overlapping-tightly-curved-coin-roll-appearance-indicative-digestive-imbalance-intestinal-stress-due-enzyme-deficiencies-inappropriate-diet/
Indicative of digestive imbalance and intestinal stress due to enzyme deficiencies or inappropriate diet. This includes consumption of fast food, “dead food” and foods not suitable for the blood type.
Appearance:
Rouleau is French for “rolls”. The term has been derived from the appearance of the RBCs in this condition.
Strings of overlapping RBC’s. RBC’s stacked on top of one another.
RBCs overlapping in a “curved coin roll” appearance
Very tightly stacked RBCs in long strands throughout the sample.
The RBCs can appear flattened out like stacked books.This is a much more serious finding and indicates severe digestive imbalance, chronic degenerative disease, advanced endobiosis or all three.
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Looking at Blood Cells Under the Microscope – Vaccinated vs Unvaccinated – Dr. Peggy
https://sp.rmbl.ws/s8/2/9/f/N/q/9fNqc.haa.mp4
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Pfizer Confirms COVID-Vaccinated People Can ‘Shed’ Spike Proteins And Harm The Unvaccinated
June 26, 2021
A new study has confirmed that people who have been vaccinated against COVID produce excessive spike proteins that are capable of passing the Blood Brain Barrier causing irreparable damage to the brain — and Pfizer’s own documents warn that vaccinated people actually shed these excessive spike proteins putting the unvaccinated at risk for harm…
https://www.nationaltimesaustralia.com/health/pfizer-confirms-covid-vaccinated-people-can-shed-spike-proteins-and-harm-the-unvaccinated/
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Spike Protein’s RBD Leaps Out of the Gate
August 20, 2021
Supercomputer-driven simulations have been used to visualize how the spike protein of the SARS-CoV-2 virus uses a glycan gate. When the gate is in the “down” position, the spike’s receptor binding domain (RBD) is shielded from the immune system. When the gate is in the “up” position, the RBD is exposed and capable of engaging host cell receptors. In this image, the glycan N343 (magenta) is acting as a molecular crowbar to open the gate and reveal the RBD (cyan).
If you thought you were familiar with the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein, think again. According to a new study, the spike protein has a secret feature—a starting gate. It consists of glycans. When the gate is closed, the spike protein’s receptor binding domain (RBD) stays hidden, safe from the prying eyes of the immune system. When the gate is open, out leaps the RBD.
At this point, the starting gate analogy breaks down. The RBD is no thoroughbred. It doesn’t have to be. The race to the host receptor is too short.
That last observation suggests that it might be hard to rein in RBD, once it is in the running. So, it might be best to keep the starting gate closed. In fact, this possibility was raised in the new study, which was led by Rommie Amaro, PhD, professor of chemistry and biochemistry at the University of California, San Diego (UCSD), and Lillian Chong, PhD, associate professor of biophysics at the University of Pittsburgh.
Amaro, Chong, and colleagues used supercomputer simulations to show how RBD transitions from a “down” state and an “up” state. In the down state, RBD is shielded by glycans—molecules that make up a sugary residue around the edges of the spike protein. In the up state, RBD is exposed and capable of binding to the human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 receptor.
The up and down states had been seen before, in snapshots obtained by cryo-electron microscopy and cryo-electron tomography. But now, thanks to Amaro and colleagues, what happens in between these states has been captured.
“We were actually able to watch the opening and closing,” Amaro said. “That’s one of the really cool things these simulations give you—the ability to see really detailed movies. When you watch them, you realize you’re seeing something that we otherwise would have ignored. You look at just the closed structure, and then you look at the open structure, and it doesn’t look like anything special. It’s only because we captured the movie of the whole process that you actually see it doing its thing.”
“Standard techniques would have required years to simulate this opening process,” Chong added. “But with my lab’s ‘weighted ensemble’ advanced simulation tools, we were able to capture the process in only 45 days.”
Detailed findings appeared in Nature Chemistry, in an article titled, “A glycan gate controls opening of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein.” The article described how Amaro, Chong, and colleagues ran over 130 µs of weighted ensemble simulations of the fully glycosylated spike ectodomain. The simulations, they reported, allowed them to “characterize more than 300 continuous, kinetically unbiased RBD-opening pathways.”
“Together with ManifoldEM analysis of cryo-electron microscopy data and biolayer interferometry experiments, we reveal a gating role for the N-glycan at position N343, which facilitates RBD opening,” the article’s authors wrote. “Residues D405, R408, and D427 also participate.”
These details could help scientists develop new therapeutics to counter SARS-CoV-2 infection. If glycan gates could be pharmacologically locked in the closed position, then the virus is effectively prevented from opening to entry and infection. “Without this gate,” Amaro emphasized, “the virus basically is rendered incapable of infection.”
The computationally intensive simulations were first run on Comet at the San Diego Supercomputer Center at UCSD and later on Longhorn at the Texas Advanced Computing Center at Univeristy of Texas (UT) Austin. Such computing power provided the researchers with atomic-level views of the RBD from more than 300 perspectives.
The investigations revealed glycan N343 as the linchpin that pries the RBD from the “down” to “up” position to allow access to the host cell’s ACE2 receptor. The researchers describe N343 glycan activation as similar to a “molecular crowbar” mechanism.
Jason McLellan, PhD, an associate professor of molecular biosciences at UT Austin, and his team created variants of the spike protein and tested to see how a lack of the glycan gate affected the RBD’s ability to open. “Without this gate,” McLellan said, “the RBD of the spike protein can’t take the conformation it needs to infect cells.”
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A glycan gate controls opening of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein
19 August 2021
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 infection is controlled by the opening of the spike protein receptor binding domain (RBD), which transitions from a glycan-shielded ‘down’ to an exposed ‘up’ state to bind the human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 receptor and infect cells. While snapshots of the ‘up’ and ‘down’ states have been obtained by cryo-electron microscopy and cryo-electron tomagraphy, details of the RBD-opening transition evade experimental characterization. Here over 130 µs of weighted ensemble simulations of the fully glycosylated spike ectodomain allow us to characterize more than 300 continuous, kinetically unbiased RBD-opening pathways. Together with ManifoldEM analysis of cryo-electron microscopy data and biolayer interferometry experiments, we reveal a gating role for the N-glycan at position N343, which facilitates RBD opening. Residues D405, R408 and D427 also participate. The atomic-level characterization of the glycosylated spike activation mechanism provided herein represents a landmark study for ensemble pathway simulations and offers a foundation for understanding the fundamental mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2 viral entry and infection.
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41557-021-00758-3
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The simulation of virus life cycle with quantum gates
2010 Feb 10
Abstract
Quantum physics and molecular biology are two disciplines that have evolved relatively independently. However, recently a wealth of evidence has demonstrated the importance of quantum mechanics for biological systems and thus a new field of quantum biology is emerging. There are many claims that quantum mechanics plays a key role in the origin and/or operation of biological organisms. We consider the nucleonic acid of virus as a quantum system in this paper and discuss virus life cycle from the view-point of quantum and simulate it using quantum gates for the first time. The maximally entangled states show infected cell can change to entire cell, the virus can switch from the lysogenic to the lytic and the prophages can remain latent in the bacterial chromosome for many generations.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20149356/
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MIT team genetically engineers a quantum virus for efficient energy transport
October 16, 2015
https://www.extremetech.com/extreme/216358-mit-develops-enhanced-energy-transport-using-quantum-physics-and-genetic-engineering
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Quantum physics meets genetic engineering
October 14, 2015
https://news.mit.edu/2015/quantum-physics-engineered%20viruses-1014
Researchers use engineered viruses to provide quantum-based enhancement of energy transport.
Nature has had billions of years to perfect photosynthesis, which directly or indirectly supports virtually all life on Earth. In that time, the process has achieved almost 100 percent efficiency in transporting the energy of sunlight from receptors to reaction centers where it can be harnessed — a performance vastly better than even the best solar cells.
One way plants achieve this efficiency is by making use of the exotic effects of quantum mechanics — effects sometimes known as “quantum weirdness.” These effects, which include the ability of a particle to exist in more than one place at a time, have now been used by engineers at MIT to achieve a significant efficiency boost in a light-harvesting system.
Surprisingly, the researchers at MIT and Eni, the Italian energy company, achieved this new approach to solar energy not with high-tech materials or microchips — but by using genetically engineered viruses.
This achievement in coupling quantum research and genetic manipulation, described this week in the journal Nature Materials, was the work of MIT professors Angela Belcher, an expert on engineering viruses to carry out energy-related tasks, and Seth Lloyd, an expert on quantum theory and its potential applications; research associate Heechul Park; and 14 collaborators at MIT, Eni, and Italian universities.
Lloyd, the Nam Pyo Suh Professor in the Department of Mechanical Engineering, explains that in photosynthesis, a photon hits a receptor called a chromophore, which in turn produces an exciton — a quantum particle of energy. This exciton jumps from one chromophore to another until it reaches a reaction center, where that energy is harnessed to build the molecules that support life.
But the hopping pathway is random and inefficient unless it takes advantage of quantum effects that allow it, in effect, to take multiple pathways at once and select the best ones, behaving more like a wave than a particle.
This efficient movement of excitons has one key requirement: The chromophores have to be arranged just right, with exactly the right amount of space between them. This, Lloyd explains, is known as the “Quantum Goldilocks Effect.”
That’s where the virus comes in. By engineering a virus that Belcher has worked with for years, the team was able to get it to bond with multiple synthetic chromophores — or, in this case, organic dyes. The researchers were then able to produce many varieties of the virus, with slightly different spacings between those synthetic chromophores, and select the ones that performed best.
In the end, they were able to more than double excitons’ speed, increasing the distance they traveled before dissipating — a significant improvement in the efficiency of the process.
The project started at a workshop held at Eni’s laboratories in Novara, Italy. Lloyd and Belcher, the James Mason Crafts Professor in the Department of Biological Engineering, were reporting on different projects they had worked on, and began discussing, along with Eni researchers, the possibility of a project encompassing their very different expertise. Lloyd, whose work is mostly theoretical, pointed out that the viruses Belcher works with have the right length scales to potentially support quantum effects.
In 2008, Lloyd had published a paper demonstrating that photosynthetic organisms transmit light energy efficiently because of these quantum effects. When he saw Belcher’s report on her work with engineered viruses, he wondered if that might provide a way to artificially induce a similar effect, in an effort to approach nature’s efficiency.
“I had been talking about potential systems you could use to demonstrate this effect, and Angela said, ‘We’re already making those,’” Lloyd recalls. Eventually, after much analysis, “We came up with design principles to redesign how the virus is capturing light, and get it to this quantum regime.”
Within two weeks, Belcher’s team had created their first test version of the engineered virus. Many months of work then went into perfecting the receptors and the spacings.
Once the team engineered the viruses, they were able to use laser spectroscopy and dynamical modeling to watch the light-harvesting process in action, and to demonstrate that the new viruses were indeed making use of quantum coherence to enhance the transport of excitons.
“It was really fun,” Belcher says. “A group of us who spoke different [scientific] languages worked closely together, to both make this class of organisms, and analyze the data. That’s why I’m so excited by this.”
While this initial result is essentially a proof of concept rather than a practical system, it points the way toward an approach that could lead to inexpensive and efficient solar cells or light-driven catalysis, the team says. So far, the engineered viruses collect and transport energy from incoming light, but do not yet harness it to produce power (as in solar cells) or molecules (as in photosynthesis). But this could be done by adding a reaction center, where such processing takes place, to the end of the virus where the excitons end up.
“This is exciting and high-quality research,” says Alán Aspuru-Guzik, a professor of chemistry and chemical biology at Harvard University who was not involved in this work. The research, he says, “combines the work of a leader in theory (Lloyd) and a leader in experiment (Belcher) in a truly multidisciplinary and exciting combination that spans biology to physics to potentially, future technology.”
“Access to controllable excitonic systems is a goal shared by many researchers in the field,” Aspuru-Guzik adds. “This work provides fundamental understanding that can allow for the development of devices with an increased control of exciton flow.”
The research was supported by Eni through the MIT Energy Initiative. In addition to MIT postdocs Nimrod Heldman and Patrick Rebentrost, the team included researchers at the University of Florence, the University of Perugia, and Eni.
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God Virus and Quantum Mechanics: An Upheaval to Tom Stoppard’s world in Hapgood
June 2012
https://www.academia.edu/13731450/God_Virus_and_Quantum_Mechanics_An_Upheaval_to_Tom_Stoppards_world_in_Hapgood
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Can Viruses Survive in Space? The Pathogen Particle Prognosis
Jun 3rd 2020
https://now.northropgrumman.com/can-viruses-survive-in-space-the-pathogen-particle-prognosis/
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Quantum Viruses?
October 16, 2013.
https://scienceblogs.com/principles/2013/10/16/quantum-viruses
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Schrödinger’s microbe: implications of coercing a living organism into a coherent quantum mechanical state
30 July 2015
https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10539-015-9500-4
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Can we detect quantum behavior in viruses?
March 11, 2010
https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2010/03/100311092429.htm
Summary:
Scientists are using the principles of an iconic quantum mechanics thought experiment — Schrödinger’s superpositioned cat — to test for quantum properties in objects composed of as many as one billion atoms, possibly including the flu virus.
New research published on March 11 in New Journal of Physics describes the construction of an experiment to test for superposition states in these larger objects.
Quantum optics is a field well-rehearsed in the process of detecting quantum properties in single atoms and some small molecules but the scale that these researchers wish to work at is unprecedented.
When physicists try to fathom exactly how the tiniest constituents of matter and energy behave, confusing patterns of their ability to do two things at once (referred to as being in a superposition state), and of their ‘spooky’ connection (referred to as entanglement) to their physically distant sub-atomic brethren, emerge.
It is the ability of these tiny objects to do two things at once that Oriol Romero-Isart and his co-workers are preparing to probe.
With this new technique, the researchers suggest that viruses are one type of object that could be probed. Albeit speculatively, the researchers hope that their technique might offer a route to experimentally address questions such as the role of life and consciousness in quantum mechanics.
In order to test for superposition states, the experiment involves finely tuning lasers to capture larger objects such as viruses in an ‘optical cavity’ (a very tiny space), another laser to slow the object down (and put it into what quantum mechanics call a ‘ground state’) and then adding a photon (the basic element of light) in a specific quantum state to the laser to provoke it into a superposition
The researchers say, “We hope that this system, apart from providing new quantum technology, will allow us to test quantum mechanics at larger scales, by preparing macroscopic superpositions of objects at the nano and micro scale. This could then enable us to use more complex microorganisms, and thus test the quantum superposition principle with living organisms by performing quantum optics experiments with them.”
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Quantum Mechanics/Molecular Mechanics (QM/MM) Calculations Support a Concerted Reaction Mechanism for the Zika Virus NS2B/NS3 Serine Protease with Its Substrate
2019 Mar 15
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) is mainly transmitted to humans by Aedes species mosquitoes and is associated with serious pathological disorders including microcephaly in newborns and Guillain-Barré syndrome in adults. Currently, there is no vaccine or anti-ZIKV drug available for preventing or controlling ZIKV infection. An attractive drug target for ZIKV treatment is a two-compartment (NS2B/NS3) serine protease that processes viral polyprotein during infection. Here, conventional molecular dynamics simulations of the ZIKV protease in complex with peptide substrate (TGKRS) sequence at the C-terminus of NS2B show that the substrate is in the active conformation for the cleavage reaction by ZIKV protease. Hybrid quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics (QM/MM) umbrella sampling simulations (PM6/ff14SB) of acylation results reveal that proton transfer from S135 to H51 and nucleophilic attack on the substrate by S135 are concerted. The rate-limiting step involves the formation of a tetrahedral intermediate. In addition, the single-point energy QM/MM calculations, precisely at the level of coupled cluster theory (LCCSD(T)/(aug)-cc-pVTZ), were performed to correct the potential energy profiles for the first step of the acylation process. The average computed activation barrier at this level of theory is 16.3 kcal mol-1. Therefore, the computational approaches presented here are helpful for further designing of NS2B/NS3 inhibitors based on transition-state analogues.
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Pharmacophore-Based Virtual Screening, Quantum Mechanics Calculations, and Molecular Dynamics Simulation Approaches Identified Potential Natural Antiviral Drug Candidates against MERS-CoV S1-NTD
17 August 2021
Abstract
Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) is a highly infectious zoonotic virus first reported into the human population in September 2012 on the Arabian Peninsula. The virus causes severe and often lethal respiratory illness in humans with an unusually high fatality rate. The N-terminal domain (NTD) of receptor-binding S1 subunit of coronavirus spike (S) proteins can recognize a variety of host protein and mediates entry into human host cells. Blocking the entry by targeting the S1-NTD of the virus can facilitate the development of effective antiviral drug candidates against the pathogen. Therefore, the study has been designed to identify effective antiviral drug candidates against the MERS-CoV by targeting S1-NTD. Initially, a structure-based pharmacophore model (SBPM) to the active site (AS) cavity of the S1-NTD has been generated, followed by pharmacophore-based virtual screening of 11,295 natural compounds. Hits generated through the pharmacophore-based virtual screening have re-ranked by molecular docking and further evaluated through the ADMET properties. The compounds with the best ADME and toxicity properties have been retrieved, and a quantum mechanical (QM) based density-functional theory (DFT) has been performed to optimize the geometry of the selected compounds. Three optimized natural compounds, namely Taiwanhomoflavone B (Amb23604132), 2,3-Dihydrohinokiflavone (Amb23604659), and Sophoricoside (Amb1153724), have exhibited substantial docking energy >−9.00 kcal/mol, where analysis of frontier molecular orbital (FMO) theory found the low chemical reactivity correspondence to the bioactivity of the compounds. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulation confirmed the stability of the selected natural compound to the binding site of the protein. Additionally, molecular mechanics generalized born surface area (MM/GBSA) predicted the good value of binding free energies (ΔG bind) of the compounds to the desired protein. Convincingly, all the results support the potentiality of the selected compounds as natural antiviral candidates against the MERS-CoV S1-NTD.
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New dataset for drug design uses quantum mechanics-based interactions of new coronavirus proteins and drug candidates
Apr. 18, 2020
On April 17, a research group led by Teruki Honma of the RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research (BDR) and Associate Professor Kaori Fukuzawa of Hoshi University published a dataset on the interactions between SARS-CoV-2—the virus that causes COVID-19—proteins and candidate drug compounds. The data was published as part of the FMO database, a collection of data based on the fragment molecular orbital (FMO) method.
The genome of SARS-CoV-2, like those of other viruses, encodes proteins that form the virion—the virus capsule that allows the virus to infect new cells—as well as enzymes involved in the replication of the virus’s genome and the synthesis of its proteins. Some of the target proteins for potential therapeutic agents include the spike proteins that form virions, nucleocapsid proteins, the main protease—an enzyme that acts inside cells after infecting them, and RNA dependent RNA polymerase.
One important dataset for the development of drugs to target these proteins is a special page of the Protein Data Bank Japan (PDBj), which includes 131 crystal structures as of April 15 for nine of the roughly 20 viral proteins of SARS-CoV-2, either of the isolated proteins or as complexes with drug candidate compounds or human-derived proteins. The structural information is useful, but as a further step it is crucial to make precise calculations in order to help understand how drug candidate molecules bind with the viral proteins.
To make this possible, the research team took the crystal structures and used the FMO method to calculate interactions between various molecules using ab initio quantum mechanical calculations. The FMO method, which was developed in 1999 by Kazuo Kitaura and co-workers, enables researchers to make ab initio quantum mechanical calculations for whole protein molecules by dividing them into fragments such as amino acid residues and drugs. One advantage of the FMO method is that the inter-fragment interaction energy (IFIE) between an amino acid residue and a drug molecule can be calculated and classified into four different types of energy component (PIEDA), including electrostatic and dispersive energies.
They carried out FMO calculations on 65 of the 131 structures registered in PDBj and analyzed their interactions with several drug candidate compounds (various attractive and repulsive forces between the molecules). To do the analysis, the group used RIKEN’s HOKUSAI supercomputer, the Tokyo Institute of Technology’s TSUBAME3.0, and Oakforest-PACS Supercomputer System at the University of Tokyo, using the ABINIT-MP quantum chemistry calculation software, a program developed exclusively for FMO calculations. Tatsuya Nakano of the National Institute of Health Sciences started the development at the beginning of the theoretical development of FMO theory in 1999, and a research group led by Yuji Mochizuki of Rikkyo University has continued the development. The group has published the data as part of FMODB, the world’s first database of quantum mechanical data for proteins, allowing users to precisely evaluate the mechanism by which a therapeutic drug candidate compound binds to a target protein, and the effect of stronger binding to the target. The database was developed by Honma and Fukuzawa with the FMO drug design consortium
and was published in March 2019.
6 Billion People’s Personal Biometrics Stolen by China for their Quantum Artificial Intelligence Military Program
February 16, 2020
https://theaiorganization.com/6-billion-peoples-personal-biometrics-stolen-by-china-for-their-quantum-artificial-intelligence-military-program/
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A New Theorem Maps Out the Limits of Quantum Physics
December 3, 2020
https://www.quantamagazine.org/a-new-theorem-maps-out-the-limits-of-quantum-physics-20201203/
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Schrödinger’s Bacteria? Physics Experiment Leads to 1st Entanglement of Living Organisms
November 14, 2018
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Drops of liquid levitating and colliding
January 14, 2022
https://berlinmdcc.org/drops-of-liquid-levitating-and-colliding/
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New approach transports trapped ions to create entangling gates
January 28, 2022
https://phys.org/news/2022-01-approach-ions-entangling-gates.html
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Precision machining produces tiny, light-guiding cubes for advancing info tech
January 28, 2022
Drilling with the beam of an electron microscope, scientists at the Department of Energy’s Oak Ridge National Laboratory precisely machined tiny electrically conductive cubes that can interact with light and organized them in patterned structures that confine and relay light’s electromagnetic signal. This demonstration is a step toward potentially faster computer chips and more perceptive sensors.
The seeming wizardry of these structures comes from the ability of their surfaces to support collective waves of electrons, called plasmons, with the same frequency as light waves but with much tighter confinement. The light-guiding structures are measured in nanometers, or billionths of a meter—100,000 times thinner than a human hair.
“These nanoscale cube systems allow extreme confinement of light in specific locations and tunable control of its energy,” said ORNL’s Kevin Roccapriore, first author of a study published in the journal Small. “It’s a way to connect signals with very different length scales.”
The feat may prove critical for quantum and optical computing. Quantum computers encode information with quantum bits, or qubits, determined by a quantum state of a particle, such as its spin. Qubits can store many values compared with the single value stored by a classical bit.
Light—electromagnetic radiation that propagates by massless elementary particles called photons—replaces electrons as the messenger in optical computers. Because photons travel faster than electrons and do not generate heat, optical computers could have performance and energy efficiency superior to classical computers.
Future technologies may use the best of both worlds.
“Light is the preferred way to communicate with qubits, but you cannot connect contacts to them directly,” said senior author Sergei Kalinin of ORNL. “The problem with visible light is its wavelengths range from about 380 nanometers for violet to around 700 nanometers for red. That’s too big because we want to make devices only a few nanometers in size. This work aims to create a framework to move technology beyond Moore’s law and classical electronics. If you try to put ‘light’ and ‘small’ together, that’s exactly where plasmonics comes into play.”
And if there’s a great future in plasmonics, the ORNL-led achievement may help overcome a signal size mismatch that threatens the integration of components made of different materials. Those hybrid components will need to “talk” to each other in next-generation optoelectronic devices. Plasmonics may bridge the gap.
Plasmonic phenomena were first observed in metals, which are conductive because of their free electrons. The ORNL team used cubes made of a transparent semiconductor that behaves like a metal—indium oxide doped with tin and fluorine.
The fact that the cube is a semiconductor is the key to its energy tunability. The energy of a light wave is related to its frequency. The higher the frequency, the shorter the wavelength. Wavelengths of visible light appear to the human eye as colors. Because a semiconductor can be doped—that is, a small impurity can be added—its wavelength can be shifted on the spectrum.
(Each cube shown has its own plasmonic behavior. Bring them together in patterns—an antenna, left image, or split ring resonator, right image—and they “talk,” producing unique effects).
The study’s cubes were each 10 nanometers wide, which is much smaller than the wavelength of visible light. Synthesized at the University of Texas at Austin by Shin-Hum Cho and Delia Milliron, the cubes were placed in a detergent to prevent clumping and pipetted onto a substrate, where they self-assembled into a two-dimensional array. A shell of detergent surrounded each cube, spacing them apart evenly. After the detergent was removed, the arrays were sent to ORNL.
“That the cubes do not directly touch is important for the collective behavior,” said Roccapriore, who organized the cubes into diverse structures. “Each cube individually has its own plasmon behavior. When we bring them together in geometries like a nanowire, they talk to one another and produce new effects that are not typically seen in similar geometries that aren’t made up of individual elements.”
The study builds on prior work to sculpt three-dimensional structures as small as a nanometer with an electron beam. “The current paper proves that the plasmonic effect, as well as the structure, can be sculpted,” Roccapriore said. “At the end of the day, we’re interested in the electron wave—where is it and what is its energy? We’re controlling those two things.”
Kalinin added, “We want to transition from using what exists in nature by chance to fabricating materials with the right responses. We can take a system of cubes, shine light on it and channel energy into small volumes localized exactly where we want them to be.”
The project was a natural for Roccapriore, who conducted a lot of electron-beam lithography in graduate school and even built a machine in his garage to make and mill 3D-printed structures. At ORNL, experimenting with the beam of an electron microscope, he adjusted its current to intentionally shift from imaging to modification mode. He found he could remove bits of cubes or entire cubes from an array to make patterned objects at will. He also discovered that, just like addition of chemical elements enables tuning of cube energies, so too does selective removal of chemical elements. Such atomic precision is possible with scanning transmission electron microscopy, or STEM…
https://phys.org/news/2022-01-precision-machining-tiny-light-guiding-cubes.html
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Shining a light on synthetic dimensions
January 28, 2022
https://phys.org/news/2022-01-synthetic-dimensions.html
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Quantum Entanglement and Teleportation Is Sci-Fi Technology in Real Life
Aug 14th 2020
https://now.northropgrumman.com/quantum-teleportation-is-sci-fi-technology-in-real-life/
How to Teleport a Quantum Object
Scientists at University of Science and Technology, located in Shanghai, achieved quantum teleportation at a record distance by sending entangled photons from Tibet to the Micius satellite in orbit 870 miles above the Earth, according to Space.com.
The recent record-setting teleportation experiment relied on quantum entanglement, a phenomenon that Albert Einstein called “‘spooky action at a distance,’” according to Science magazine.
When two quantum objects are entangled, they are connected so that if one is disturbed, the other will also immediately change, no matter how far apart they are from each other. Simply observing one of these particles will change its quantum state, therefore also changing the state of the other entangled particle, no matter the distance between them. Theoretically, even if they are light-years apart, if you observe one, it will immediately change the other, without any time delay, according to Popular Mechanics.
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The Virus Trap: Hollow Nano-Objects Made of DNA Could Trap Viruses and Render Them Harmless
July 17, 2021
https://scitechdaily.com/the-virus-trap-hollow-nano-objects-made-of-dna-could-trap-viruses-and-render-them-harmless/
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Virus traps: weapons of mass deception
2007
Why try to kill viruses such as HIV with drugs when you can set chemical “traps” for them instead?
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0262407907626621
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DNA-Constructed Nanomaterials Possible to Trap and Neutralize Virus
Jul 16, 2021
https://www.sciencetimes.com/articles/32306/20210716/dna-constructed-nanomaterials-possible-trap-neutralize-virus.htm
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Bacteria Know How to Exploit Quantum Mechanics to Steer Energy
https://www.abovetopsecret.com/forum/thread1284032/pg1
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Mathematicians build an algorithm to ‘do the twist’
August 23, 2021
Illustration of the XPCS experiments. The translation and rotation of the particles within the scattering volume leads to variation of the speckle patterns shown on the right. While the grainy, noise-like texture makes these images appear visually similar, the MTECS algorithm is able to detect and analyze tiny variations between patterns.
Mathematicians at the Center for Advanced Mathematics for Energy Research Applications (CAMERA) at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (Berkeley Lab) have developed a mathematical algorithm to decipher the rotational dynamics of twisting particles in large complex systems from the X-ray scattering patterns observed in highly sophisticated X-ray photon correlation spectroscopy (XPCS) experiments.
These experiments—designed to study the properties of suspensions and solutions of colloids, macromolecules, and polymers—have been established as key scientific drivers to many of the ongoing coherent light source upgrades occurring within the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE). The new mathematical methods, developed by the CAMERA team of Zixi Hu, Jeffrey Donatelli, and James Sethian, have the potential to reveal far more information about the function and properties of complex materials than was previously possible.
Particles in a suspension undergo Brownian motion, jiggling around as they move (translate) and spin (rotate). The sizes of these random fluctuations depend on the shape and structure of the materials and contain information about dynamics, with applications across molecular biology, drug discovery, and materials science.
XPCS works by focusing a coherent beam of X-rays to capture light scattered off particles in suspension. A detector picks up the resulting speckle patterns, which contain several tiny fluctuations in the signal that encode detailed information about the dynamics of the observed system. To capitalize on this capability, the upcoming coherent light source upgrades at Berkeley Lab’s Advanced Light Source (ALS), Argonne’s Advanced Photon Source (APS), and SLAC’s Linac Coherent Light Source are all planning some of the world’s most advanced XPCS experiments, taking advantage of the unprecedented coherence and brightness.
But once you collect the data from all these images, how do you get any useful information out of them? A workhorse technique to extract dynamical information from XPCS is to compute what’s known as the temporal autocorrelation, which measures how the pixels in the speckle patterns change after a certain passage of time. The autocorrelation function stitches the still images together, just as an old-time movie comes to life as closely related postcard images fly by.
Current algorithms have mainly been limited to extracting translational motions; think of a Pogo stick jumping from spot to spot. However, no previous algorithms were capable of extracting “rotational diffusion” information about how structures spin and rotate—information that is critical to understanding the function and dynamical properties of a physical system. Getting to this hidden information is a major challenge.
Twisting the light away
A breakthrough came when experts came together for a CAMERA workshop on XPCS in February 2019 to discuss critical emerging needs in the field. Extracting rotational diffusion was a key goal, and Hu, a UC Berkeley math graduate student; Donatelli, the CAMERA Lead for Mathematics; and Sethian, Professor of Mathematics at UC Berkeley and CAMERA Director, teamed up to tackle the problem head on.
The result of their work is a powerful new mathematical and algorithmic approach to extract rotational information, now working in 2D and easily scalable to 3D. With remarkably few images (less than 4,000), the method can easily predict simulated rotational diffusion coefficients to within a few percent. Details of the algorithm were published August 18 in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.
The key idea is to go beyond the standard autocorrelation function, instead seeking the extra information about rotation contained in angular-temporal cross-correlation functions, which compare how pixels change in both time and space. This is a major jump in mathematical complexity: Simple data matrices turn into 4-way data tensors, and the theory relating the rotational information to these tensors involves advanced harmonic analysis, linear algebra, and tensor analysis. To relate the desired rotational information to the data, Hu developed a highly sophisticated mathematical model that describes how the angular-temporal correlations behave as a function of the rotational dynamics from this new complex set of equations.
“There were lots of layered mysteries to unravel in order to build a good mathematical and algorithmic framework to solve the problem,” said Hu. “There was information related to both static structures and to dynamic properties, and these properties needed to be systematically exploited to build a consistent framework. Taken together, they present a wonderful opportunity to weave together many mathematical ideas. Getting this approach to pick up useful information out of what seems at first glance to be awfully noisy was great fun.”
However, solving this set of equations to recover the rotational dynamics is challenging, as it consists of several layers of different types of mathematical problems that are difficult to solve all at once. To tackle this challenge, the team built on Donatelli’s earlier work on Multi-Tiered Iterative Projections (M-TIP), which is designed to solve complex inverse problems where the goal is to find the input that produces an observed output. The idea of M-TIP is to break a complex problem into subparts, using the best inversion/pseudoinversion you can for each subpart, and iterate through those subsolutions until they converge to a solution that solves all parts of the problem.
Hu and his colleagues took these ideas and built a sister method, “Multi-Tiered Estimation for Correlation Spectroscopy (M-TECS),” solving the complex layered set of equations through systematic substeps.
“The powerful thing about the M-TECS approach is that it exploits the fact that the problem can be separated into high-dimensional linear parts and low-dimensional nonlinear and nonconvex parts, each of which have efficient solutions on their own, but they would turn into an exceedingly difficult optimization problem if they were instead to be solved for all at once,” said Donatelli.
“This is what enables M-TECS to efficiently determine rotational dynamics from such a complex system of equations, whereas standard optimization approaches would run into trouble both in terms of convergence and computational cost.”
Opening the door to new experiments
“XPCS is a powerful technique that will feature prominently in the ALS upgrade. This work opens up a new dimension to XPCS, and will allow us to explore the dynamics of complex materials such as rotating molecules inside water channels,” said Alexander Hexemer, Program Lead for Computing at the ALS.
Hu, who won UC Berkeley’s Bernard Friedman Prize for this work, has joined CAMERA—part of Berkeley Lab’s Computational Research Division—as its newest member. “This sort of mathematical and algorithmic co-design is the hallmark of good applied mathematics, in which new mathematics plays a pivotal role in solving practical problems at the forefront of scientific inquiry,” said Sethian.
The CAMERA team is currently working with beamline scientists at the ALS and APS to design new XPCS experiments that can fully leverage the team’s mathematical and algorithmic approach to study new rotational dynamics properties from important materials. The team is also working on extending their mathematical and algorithmic framework work to recover more general types of dynamical properties from XPCS, as well as apply these methods to other correlation imaging technologies.
This work is supported by CAMERA, which is jointly funded by the Office of Advanced Scientific Computing Research and the Office of Basic Energy Sciences, both within the U.S. Department of Energy’s Office of Science.
https://phys.org/news/2021-08-mathematicians-algorithm.html
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Could quantum computing help beat the next coronavirus?
March 6, 2020
https://techxplore.com/news/2020-03-quantum-coronavirus.html
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New Cancer-Killing Radiation Therapy Gets an Upgrade from Quantum Physics – The Debrief
July 15, 2021
Cancer cells die within three days with radiation therapy enhanced by iodine particles, according to a new study conducted by scientists at Kyoto University’s Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (iCeMS) and colleagues in Japan and the US.
“Exposing a metal to light leads to the release of electrons, a phenomenon called the photoelectric effect. An explanation of this phenomenon by Albert Einstein in 1905 heralded the birth of quantum physics,” said molecular biologist Fuyuhiko Tamanoi, who led the study. “Our research provides evidence that suggests it is possible to reproduce this effect inside cancer cells.”
Background: The Problem with Traditional Cancer Radiation Therapy
Using quantum physics—specifically, the release of electrons in a phenomenon called the photoelectric effect—scientists at Kyoto University have been working for the past three years on a more direct way of damaging cancer DNA.
A long-standing problem with traditional cancer radiation therapy is that it is not effective at the center of tumors. This is because oxygen levels are low at the center—since there is a lack of blood vessels penetrating deeply into the tissue—and x-ray radiation requires oxygen to generate DNA-damaging reactive oxygen, which harms the cancer cells.
In earlier work, researchers showed that gadolinium-loaded nanoparticles kill cancer cells when irradiated with 50.25 kiloelectron volts of synchrotron-generated X-rays.
For this new study, however, they designed porous, iodine-carrying organosilica nanoparticles to damage cancer DNA. In an email to The Debrief, Tamanoi explained that iodine was chosen because of the following three reasons: iodine is used in clinics as a contrast agent, it is widely used as a health supplement, and it can release electrons with a relatively low energy X-ray.
Analysis: How do these iodine-carrying nanoparticles work?
The researchers dispersed the nanoparticles through tumor spheroids which are 3D tissues carrying cancer cells. After irradiating the spheroids for 30 minutes with 33.2 kiloelectron volts of x-rays, the cancer cells died within three days.
When the nanoparticles were taken up by the tumor cells, researchers shined the right amount of x-ray energy onto the tissue, triggering the iodine to release electrons, which then caused double-strand breaks in the cancer DNA.
“Our study represents an important example of employing a quantum physics phenomenon inside a cancer cell,” said Kotaro Matsumoto, a key contributor to the research. “It appears that a cloud of low-energy electrons is generated close to DNA, causing double strand breaks that are difficult to repair, eventually leading to programmed cell death.”
https://thedebrief.org/new-cancer-killing-radiation-therapy-gets-an-upgrade-from-quantum-physics/
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Quantum physics helps destroy cancer cells
Researchers have found a way to enhance radiation therapy using novel iodine nanoparticles
July 14, 2021
https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2021/07/210714110427.htm
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Quantum X-ray machine takes razor sharp pictures with less radiation
1 September 2019
https://www.newscientist.com/article/2214790-quantum-x-ray-machine-takes-razor-sharp-pictures-with-less-radiation/
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A medical marvel misused – Early uses of X-rays included treatments for tonsils, asthma
Dec. 6, 1997
https://www.postbulletin.com/a-medical-marvel-misused—early-uses-of-x/article_8f4d7c75-432b-546b-beeb-97f80879b40c.html
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DNA repair and frequency of x-ray and u.v.-light induced chromosome aberrations in leukocytes from patients with Down’s syndrome
1976
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/132131/
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Comparative study of x-ray and UV induced cytotoxicity, DNA repair, and mutagenesis in Down’s syndrome and normal fibroblasts
1980
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6444711/
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The repair of X-ray induced chromosomal damage in trisomy 2-and normal diploid lymphocytes
1977
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/137077/
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Far infrared radiation (FIR): its biological effects and medical applications
2012 Oct 16
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3699878/
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New light shed on damaging impact of infrared and visible rays on skin
January 23, 2020
https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2020/01/200123095834.htm
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Harmful Effects of Electromagnetic Radiation (EMF)
October 19, 2020
https://www.defendershield.com/harmful-effects-of-electromagnetic-radiation
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Radionics
Radionics—also called electromagnetic therapy (EMT) and the Abrams Method—is a form of alternative medicine that claims that disease can be diagnosed and treated by applying electromagnetic radiation (EMR), such as radio waves, to the body from an electrically powered device. It is similar to magnet therapy, which also applies EMR to the body but uses a magnet that generates a static electromagnetic field.
The concept behind radionics originated with two books published by American physician Albert Abrams in 1909 and 1910. Over the next decade, Abrams became a millionaire by leasing EMT machines, which he designed himself. This so-called treatment contradicts the principles of physics and biology and therefore is widely considered pseudoscientific. The United States Food and Drug Administration does not recognize any legitimate medical use for radionic devices.
Several systematic reviews have shown radionics is no more effective than placebo and falls into the category of pseudoscience.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radionics
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Radioactive Ion Exchanges in Living Protoplasm
15 Sep 1939
https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.90.2333.256.a
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What is nuclear medicine?
April 10, 2017
Radiation is used in nuclear medicine and radiology. In nuclear medicine, radioactive materials known as radioisotopes, or radiopharmaceuticals, are introduced into the body. In radiology, X-rays enter the body from outside.
https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/248735
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Low-dose radiation therapy: a treatment for pneumonia resulting from COVID-19
20 January 2021
https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/journal-of-radiotherapy-in-practice/article/lowdose-radiation-therapy-a-treatment-for-pneumonia-resulting-from-covid19/044DEF67E5193785077A59E78083F9EE
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Lung Irradiation for COVID-19 Pneumonia
2020
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04393948
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Commonalities Between COVID-19 and Radiation Injury
October 16 2020
https://meridian.allenpress.com/radiation-research/article/195/1/1/446280/Commonalities-Between-COVID-19-and-Radiation
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Fact Check-COVID-19 is a contagious disease and is not caused by radiation poisoning
March 10, 2021
https://www.reuters.com/article/factcheck-covid-contagious-idUSL1N2L81DT
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COVID-19 Renews Interest in Radiation, but Doctors Caution Against Pilgrimages to Radon-Filled Mines
August 4, 2021
https://www.perhamfocus.com/newsmd/coronavirus/7138832-COVID-19-renews-interest-in-radiation-but-doctors-caution-against-pilgrimages-to-radon-filled-mines
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Planning for a pandemic: Mitigating risk to radiation therapy service delivery in the COVID-19 era
2020
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32567800/
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Low-Dose Radiation to COVID-19 Patients to Ease the Disease Course and Reduce the Need of Intensive Care
Jul. 3, 2020
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COVID-19: Global radiation oncology’s targeted response for pandemic preparedness
2020
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Natural radiation can interfere with quantum computers
26-Aug-2020
https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/889552
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Signatures of quantum effects on radiation reaction in laser–electron-beam collisions
11 September 2017
Abstract
Two signatures of quantum effects on radiation reaction in the collision of a ∼ GeV electron beam with a high intensity ( >3×1020 W cm−2 ) laser pulse have been considered. We show that the decrease in the average energy of the electron beam may be used to measure the Gaunt factor g for synchrotron emission. We derive an equation for the evolution of the variance in the energy of the electron beam in the quantum regime, i.e. quantum efficiency parameter η≪1 . We show that the evolution of the variance may be used as a direct measure of the quantum stochasticity of the radiation reaction and determine the parameter regime where this is observable. For example, stochastic emission results in a 25 % increase in the standard deviation of the energy spectrum of a GeV electron beam, 1 fs after it collides with a laser pulse of intensity 1021 W cm−2 . This effect should therefore be measurable using current high-intensity laser systems.
https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/journal-of-plasma-physics/article/signatures-of-quantum-effects-on-radiation-reaction-in-laserelectronbeam-collisions/29DE2EE1FA9375440C85ED700DC1E98B
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Center stage for quantum mechanical entanglement in an attosecond laser laboratory
January 28, 2022
https://phys.org/news/2022-01-center-stage-quantum-mechanical-entanglement.html
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Flexible solid-state random lasers emitting radiation in the UV region
September 6, 2021
https://atlasofscience.org/flexible-solid-state-random-lasers-emitting-radiation-in-the-uv-region/
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The coherence of light is fundamentally tied to the quantum coherence of the emitting particle
30 Apr 2021
Abstract
Coherent emission of light by free charged particles is believed to be successfully captured by classical electromagnetism in all experimental settings. However, recent advances triggered fundamental questions regarding the role of the particle wave function in these processes. Here, we find that even in seemingly classical experimental regimes, light emission is fundamentally tied to the quantum coherence and correlations of the emitting particle. We use quantum electrodynamics to show how the particle’s momentum uncertainty determines the optical coherence of the emitted light. We find that the temporal duration of Cherenkov radiation, envisioned for almost a century as a shock wave of light, is limited by underlying entanglement between the particle and light. Our findings enable new capabilities in electron microscopy for measuring quantum correlations of shaped electrons. Last, we propose new Cherenkov detection schemes, whereby measuring spectral photon autocorrelations can unveil the wave function structure of any charged high-energy particle.
INTRODUCTION
Excitation of waves by a moving object is ubiquitous in many areas of physics, such as electrodynamics (1), acoustics (2), and hydrodynamics (3)—examples are the Cherenkov effect, sound waves, and ship wakes. These processes are thought to be successfully explained by classical physics, wherein wave interference is often critical for describing the phenomena. For example, in electrodynamics (1), radiation emission patterns are predicted by Maxwell’s equations.
Such is the case for Cherenkov radiation (CR): the emission of light by free charged particles moving faster than the phase velocity of light in a medium (4). Since its discovery in 1934, a long-standing hallmark of CR is its manifestation as a “shock wave” of light (1, 5–9), resulting from the coherent temporal interference of radiation at a wide spectral range. Despite the wide applicability of this effect, no experiment has ever directly observed the shock wave dynamics emitted by a single particle. As one of the implications of this work, we shall see that the underlying quantum nature of CR fundamentally limits the shock wave duration in many existing experimental settings, which can be understood in terms of the entanglement of the light with the emitting particle.
Looking at the bigger picture in electromagnetism, light emission by free charged particles constitutes a family of effects (10, 11) including, for example, transition radiation (12), Smith-Purcell radiation (13), undulator radiation (14), and CR. Often called coherent cathodoluminescence (10) (CL), these phenomena are used in many areas of physics and engineering, from electron microscopes (10, 15), particle detectors (16, 17), free-electron lasers (18), engineerable light sources (19, 20), and medical imaging (21). As the spectral range of emitted light can be straightforwardly tuned by varying the particle energy, coherent CL is a promising platform for light generation in otherwise inaccessible regimes (18, 22), such as at terahertz, ultraviolet, and x-ray frequencies.
The broad tunability of coherent CL, alongside recent advances in shaping (23, 24), coherent control (25–27), and entanglement (28, 29) of free electrons, makes it a probe of fundamental light-matter interaction (15, 30) and a prominent candidate for quantum measurement (15). These advancements brought about fundamental questions regarding the role of the particle wave function (30–34) in coherent CL. However, in all relevant experimental settings, coherent CL is still considered as classical (35–39) or semiclassical (31, 34, 40, 41). The general expectation from a quantum theory is that when the emitting particle is not directly measured (42), the quantum features of its wave function (43–45) cannot leave a detectable mark on the emitted light. A milestone of fundamental importance would be, therefore, to identify observables of coherent CL radiation that are both detectable in practical settings and directly depend on the quantum state of the emitting particles. This observation has implications also for general wave phenomena, such as any mechanical waves excited by free moving objects. Can fundamental quantum aspects of a particle affect the patterns of waves in seemingly classical regimes?
Here, we introduce the quantum optical paradigm to describe coherent CL and identify the specific measurements that depend on the quantum wave nature of the emitter. By formulating a general quantum theory of spontaneous light emission by charged particles, we show that already in what are generally assumed to be classical regimes, coherent CL can be dominated by quantum features such as wave function uncertainty, quantum correlations, and decoherence. These effects can be exposed in quantum optical measurements, such as first-order correlation measurements, even in seemingly classical features such as the emitted pulse duration. Although the concept of coherence transfer was thoroughly studied in quantum optics for nonrelativistic bound-electron systems [for example, in effects such as quantum beats (46)], it was never applied to light emission from relativistic free charged particles, still commonly described in classical or semiclassical terms. Hence, new insight is gained by analyzing the optical coherence of such system through the prism of quantum optics.
As an unexpected implication for the Cherenkov effect, we find that quantum decoherence imposes a fundamental lower bound for the Cherenkov shock wave duration, predicting an uncertainty principle that connects it to the particle momentum uncertainty. Quantum coherence is the ability of a quantum system to demonstrate interference. The coherence between different parts of a wave function (in momentum or real space) allows for the famous double-slit interference and the formation of short quantum wave packets propagating in space. Quantum decoherence, as its name suggests, is the loss of quantum coherence, hindering the visibility of interference. Most commonly, this process happens when an open quantum system interacts with its surrounding environment (47). The underpinning mechanism for decoherence is the entanglement of the observed subsystem (for example, an emitted photon) with another, unobserved subsystem (for example, a charged particle). In our context, we identify many practical scenarios in which CR is not a shock wave, owing to the underlying quantum decoherence of the emitted light.
Our quantum theory of coherent CL has new applications, such as detecting the shape, size, and coherence of the emitter’s wave function by measuring the spectral autocorrelations of the light it emits—thereby gaining information on the wave function uncertainty. Our findings can resolve a question, which, with the advent of ultrafast electron microscopes, has been frequently asked: What part of the measured energy spread of an electron beam is due to coherent energy uncertainty, and what part is due to incoherent uncertainty? Moreover, our work sheds light on fundamentally new capabilities to measure quantum properties of charged particles that can serve as an alternative to matter wave holography, which is especially important for many high-energy particles observed in Cherenkov detectors, where holographic techniques do not exist. The results presented in this work pave the way toward novel tunable light sources and measurements sensitive to the wave function of free charged particles.
https://advances.sciencemag.org/content/7/18/eabf8096.full
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Heat inactivation of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus
Jan 23, 2021
https://www.sciengine.com/publisher/KeAi/journal/JOBB/3/1/10.1016/j.jobb.2020.12.001?slug=fulltext
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Exposure to high heat neutralizes SARS-CoV-2 in less than one second, study finds
April 27, 2021
Research shows exposure to high temperatures can neutralize the virus, preventing it from infecting another human host
Applying heat to neutralize COVID-19 has been demonstrated before, but in previous studies temperatures were applied from anywhere from one to 20 minutes. This length of time is not a practical solution, as applying heat for a long period of time is both difficult and costly. Han and his team have now demonstrated that heat treatment for less than a second completely inactivates the coronavirus — providing a possible solution to mitigating the ongoing spread of COVID-19, particularly through long-range airborne transmission.
The Medistar Corporation approached leadership and researchers from the College of Engineering in the spring of 2020 to collaborate and explore the possibility of applying heat for a short amount of time to kill COVID-19. Soon after, Han and his team got to work, and built a system to investigate the feasibility of such a procedure.
Their process works by heating one section of a stainless-steel tube, through which the coronavirus-containing solution is run, to a high temperature and then cooling the section immediately afterward. This experimental setup allows the coronavirus running through the tube to be heated only for a very short period of time. Through this rapid thermal process, the team found the virus to be completely neutralized in a significantly shorter time than previously thought possible. Their initial results were released within two months of proof-of-concept experiments.
Han said if the solution is heated to nearly 72 degrees Celsius for about half a second, it can reduce the virus titer, or quantity of the virus in the solution, by 100,000 times which is sufficient to neutralize the virus and prevent transmission.
“The potential impact is huge,” Han said. “I was curious of how high of temperatures we can apply in how short of a time frame and to see whether we can indeed heat-inactivate the coronavirus with only a very short time. And, whether such a temperature-based coronavirus neutralization strategy would work or not from a practical standpoint. The biggest driver was, ‘Can we do something that can mitigate the situation with the coronavirus?'”
Their research was featured on the cover of the May issue of the journal Biotechnology and Bioengineering.
Not only is this sub-second heat treatment a more efficient and practical solution to stopping the spread of COVID-19 through the air, but it also allows for the implementation of this method in existing systems, such as heating, ventilation and air conditioning systems.
It also can lead to potential applications with other viruses, such as the influenza virus, that are also spread through the air. Han and his collaborators expect that this heat-inactivation method can be broadly applied and have a true global impact.
“Influenza is less dangerous but still proves deadly each year, so if this can lead to the development of an air purification system, that would be a huge deal, not just with the coronavirus, but for other airborne viruses in general,” Han said.
In their future work, the investigators will build a microfluidic-scale testing chip that will allow them to heat-treat viruses for much shorter periods of time, for example, tens of milliseconds, with the hope of identifying a temperature that will allow the virus to be inactivated even with such a short exposure time.
The lead authors of the work are electrical engineering postdoctoral researchers, Yuqian Jiang and Han Zhang. Other collaborators on this project are Professor Julian L. Leibowitz, and Associate Professor Paul de Figueiredo from the College of Medicine; biomedical postdoctoral researcher Jose A. Wippold; Jyotsana Gupta, associate research scientist in microbial pathogenesis and immunology; and Jing Dai, electrical engineering assistant research scientist.
This work has been supported by grants from Medistar Corporation. Several research personnel on the project team were also supported by grants from the National Institutes of Health’s National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases.
https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2021/04/210427122428.htm
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Experiments Show Sunlight Destroys COVID Virus 8 Times Faster Than Scientists Thought
April 5, 2021
https://scitechdaily.com/experiments-show-sunlight-destroys-covid-virus-8-times-faster-than-scientists-thought/
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Coronavirus: constantly surprising virus found to be heat tolerant, self-healing and very resilient in lab tests
18 Sep, 2020
Hungarian team finds virus particle withstands being probed by a nano needle 100 times, possibly making it the most physically elastic virus known
French scientists find it can replicate in animal cells after being exposed to temperatures of 60 degrees Celsius for an hour
https://www.scmp.com/news/china/science/article/3102158/coronavirus-constantly-surprising-virus-found-be-heat-tolerant
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Researchers Find Light Frequency That Kills COVID-19 Virus Without Harming People
September 21, 2020
https://www.nationalreview.com/videos/researchers-find-light-frequency-that-kills-covid-19-virus-without-harming-people/
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Light, Wavelengths, and Inactivating COVID-19
12 Jun 2020
In the wake of COVID-19, there has been increased talk about light and UV rays, specifically those that can be used to sanitize objects and inactivate SARS-CoV-2 particles. But without having to get a degree in Physics, how do wavelengths work? And why are some harmful while others are not? We know that certain rays of light are worse for our skin than others (think tanning) and then recently there is increased talk about other wavelengths of light that might be effective in inactivating COVID-19.
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NASA Light Technology Successfully Reduces Cancer Patients Painful Side Effects from Radiation and Chemotherapy
03.03.11
NASA Light Technology Successfully Reduces Cancer Patients Painful Side Effects from Radiation and Chemotherapy
A NASA technology originally developed for plant growth experiments on space shuttle missions has successfully reduced the painful side effects resulting from chemotherapy and radiation treatment in bone marrow and stem cell transplant patients.
In a two-year clinical trial, cancer patients undergoing bone marrow or stem cell transplants were given a far red/near infrared Light Emitting Diode treatment called High Emissivity Aluminiferous Luminescent Substrate, or HEALS, to treat oral mucositis — a common and extremely painful side effect of chemotherapy and radiation treatment. The trial concluded that there is a 96 percent chance that the improvement in pain of those in the high-risk patient group was the result of the HEALS treatment.
“Using this technology as a healing agent was phenomenal,” said Dr. Donna Salzman, clinical trial principal investigator and director of clinical services and education at the Bone Marrow Transplant and Cellular Therapy Unit at the University of Alabama at Birmingham Hospital. “The HEALS device was well tolerated with no adverse affects to our bone marrow and stem cell transplant patients.”
The HEALS device, known as the WARP 75 light delivery system, can provide a cost-effective therapy since the device itself is less expensive than a day at the hospital and a proactive therapy for symptoms of mucositis that are currently difficult to treat without additional, negative side effects.
The device could offer patients several benefits: better nutrition since eating can be difficult with painful mouth and throat sores; less narcotic use to treat mouth and throat pain; and an increase in patient morale — all of which can contribute to shorter hospital stays and less potential for infection, added Salzman.
LEDs are light sources releasing energy in the form of photons. They release long wavelengths of light that stimulate cells to aid in healing. HEALS technology allows LED chips to function at their maximum irradiancy without emitting heat. NASA is interested in using HEALS technology for medical uses to improve healing in space and for long-term human spaceflight.
In the early 1990s, Quantum teamed with the Wisconsin Center for Space Automation and Robotics – a NASA-sponsored research center at the University of Wisconsin-Madison – to develop Astroculture 3, a plant growth chamber using near infrared HEALS technology for plant growth experiments on shuttle missions. Over the years, Quantum has worked to develop HEALS technology for use in medical fields, specifically with pediatric brain tumors and hard-to-heal wounds such as diabetic skin ulcers, serious burns and oral mucositis.
“With the help of NASA’s Innovative Partnerships Program, Quantum Devices and its medical partners have been able to take a space technology and adapt it for an entirely different application to significantly help people here on Earth,” said Glenn Ignatius, president of Quantum Devices. “This collaboration between NASA and commercial companies has spurred innovation that is touching millions of lives on Earth — for the better.”
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Effect of NASA light-emitting diode irradiation on wound healing
2001
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11776448/
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Colorado company uses UV lighting technology to kill 99.9 percent of bacteria and viruses
Mar 7, 2020
https://kdvr.com/news/coronavirus/colorado-company-uses-uv-lighting-technology-to-kill-99-9-percent-of-bacteria-and-viruses/
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Researchers Find Light Frequency That Kills COVID-19 Virus Without Harming People
September 21, 2020
https://www.nationalreview.com/videos/researchers-find-light-frequency-that-kills-covid-19-virus-without-harming-people/
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Does all UV light kill viruses and bacteria?
Sep 10, 2020
https://insights.regencylighting.com/does-all-uv-light-kill-viruses
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KKFX: UV Light Flu Treatment
Jan 20, 2016
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ugRLoikr_-4
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How ultraviolet light could be used to fight the flu
February 12, 2018
https://www.cbsnews.com/news/how-ultraviolet-light-could-be-used-to-fight-the-flu/
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The effect of ultraviolet radiation on human viral infections
2006
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17017847/
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UVA Light Device to Treat COVID-19
October 30, 2020
https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04572399
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COVID-19: UV LED Can Kill 99.9% of Coronavirus in 30 Seconds
April 15, 2020
https://www.acsh.org/news/2020/04/15/covid-19-uv-led-can-kill-999-coronavirus-30-seconds-14719
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Injecting UV light ‘inside the body’ can kill COVID-19: Trump’s medical advice as deaths near 50,000
2020
https://www.newindianexpress.com/world/2020/apr/24/injecting-uv-light-inside-the-body-can-kill-covid-19-trumps-medical-advice-as-deaths-near-50000-2134715.html
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An Experimental Ultraviolet Light Treatment for Covid-19 Takes Political Heat
April 27, 2020
Trump’s musings prompt social-media censorship of information about an experimental treatment.
https://www.wsj.com/articles/an-experimental-ultraviolet-light-treatment-for-covid-19-takes-political-heat-11588005938
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UV Light Therapy is Being Studied as COVID-19 Treatment at Cedars Sinai Hospital
April 27, 2020
https://nurse.org/articles/uv-light-therapy-coronavirus-covid19/
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UVA as an antiviral? — AYTU Healight (in partnership with Cedars-Sinai)
April 24, 2020
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Light as a potential treatment for pandemic coronavirus infections: A perspective
2020
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7194064/
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We’ve Been Killing Deadly Germs With UV Light for More Than a Century Niels Ryberg Finsen pioneered therapeutic ultraviolet lamps and won himself a Nobel Prize
25 Aug 2020
https://spectrum.ieee.org/weve-been-killing-deadly-germs-with-uv-light-for-more-than-a-century
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Targeted Light Therapy Destroys Cancer Cells
December 5, 2011
Scientists have developed a noninvasive technique that uses light to selectively wipe out cancerous cells in mice without harming surrounding tissue. With further research, this novel method might eventually be used to treat tumors in humans.
The 3 major types of cancer therapy — surgery, radiation and chemotherapy — effectively destroy cancerous tissues, but tend to damage normal tissue as well. Researchers have long sought therapies that can zero in on tumor cells and leave neighboring healthy cells intact. One targeted technique, available for over a decade, is called monoclonal antibody (mAb) therapy. These antibodies destroy cancer cells by latching onto specific proteins on the cell surface. Researchers can also attach a deadly payload for mAbs to carry to target cells. Over 25 therapeutic mAbs have been approved by the US Food and Drug Administration to date. But current mAb therapies often require repeated doses at levels that can cause serious side effects.
To try a new approach, Dr. Hisataka Kobayashi and his colleagues at NIH’s National Cancer Institute (NCI) decided to couple mAbs with photosensitive dye molecules that respond to specific, harmless wavelengths of light. The unique method, called photoimmunotherapy, was described in the November 6, 2011, online edition of Nature Medicine.
A cluster of breast cancer cells.
https://www.nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-matters/targeted-light-therapy-destroys-cancer-cells
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Light Therapy to Kill Fungus
27 July, 2017
https://healthfully.com/light-therapy-kill-fungus-5617389.html
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Low-level laser (light) therapy (LLLT) in skin: stimulating, healing, restoring
2014 Aug 8
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4126803/
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Stimulation Of Wound Healing By Lasers
1986
https://www.spiedigitallibrary.org/conference-proceedings-of-spie/0605/1/Stimulation-Of-Wound-Healing-By-Lasers/10.1117/12.956347.short?SSO=1
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Review of Laser in Nanophotonics – A Literature Study for Cellular Mechanism
2017
https://www.jscimedcentral.com/CancerBiology/cancerbiology-5-1094.pdf
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Small and bright: what nanophotonics means for you
June 5, 2016
https://www.manmonthly.com.au/features/small-and-bright-what-nanophotonics-means-for-you/
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Nanophotonics in Biomedical Engineering
2021
https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-981-15-6137-5
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Nanophotonics for Molecular Diagnostics and Therapy Applications
11 Sep 2011
https://www.hindawi.com/journals/ijp/2012/619530/
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Ultra-thin superlattices from gold nanoparticles for nanophotonics
21.05.2019
https://www.innovations-report.com/materials-sciences/ultra-thin-superlattices-from-gold-nanoparticles-for-nanophotonics/
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Skin wound regeneration with bioactive glass-gold nanoparticles ointment
2019
The bioactive glasses can lead to the promotion of growth of granulation tissue, while the gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) can induce the acceleration of wound healing including tissue regeneration, connective tissue formation, and angiogenesis. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of using the bioactive glass (BG) and BG-AuNPs composites on skin wound healing in experimental rat models for 14 days. Sol–gel derived BGs and BG-AuNPs composites mixed with Vaseline at 6, 12 and 18 wt% were used to evaluate the repair response of the skin. During the process of healing, granulomatous reaction was observed in the wound treated with 12 and 18 wt% BG-Vaseline ointments. Furthermore, a strong vascular proliferation and complete wound regeneration were found in 18%BG-AuNPs-Vaseline treated groups. The results derived from the performed investigations revealed that the 18% BG-AuNPs-Vaseline ointment is a promising candidate for wound healing applications.
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Gold nanoshell-localized photothermal ablation of prostate tumors in a clinical pilot device study
August 26, 2019
https://www.pnas.org/content/suppl/2019/08/20/1906929116.DCSupplemental
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Study the plasmonic property of gold nanorods highly above damage threshold via single-pulse spectral hole-burning experiments
15 November 2021
Abstract
Intense femtosecond laser irradiation reshapes gold nanorods, resulting in a persistent hole in the optical absorption spectrum of the nanorods at the wavelength of the laser. Single-pulse hole-burning experiments were performed in a mixture of nanorods with a broad absorption around 800 nm with a 35-fs laser with 800 nm wavelength and 6 mJ/pulse. A significant increase in hole burning width at an average fluence of 106 J/m2 has been found, suggesting a tripled damping coefficient of plasmon. This shows that the surface plasmonic effect still occurs at extremely high femtosecond laser fluences just before the nanorods are damaged and the remaining 10% plasmonic enhancement of light is at the fluence of 106 J/m2, which is several orders of magnitude higher than the damage threshold of the gold nanorods. Plasmon–photon interactions may also cause an increase in the damping coefficient.
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Advances in Plasmonics and Nanophotonics
22 November 2021
https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4991/11/11/3159
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Photonics in Medicine: Top 5 Biomedical Impacts
March 29, 2020
#1 – Diagnostic Imaging Devices (OCT, MRI and PET)
#2 – Less invasive procedures for Women’s Health
#3 – Surgical guidance and automated medical procedures
#4 – Biosensors and Biomarkers
#5 – Spectroscopic Devices for Research and Treatment Design
https://www.findlight.net/blog/2020/03/29/photonics-in-medicine-top-5-biomedical-impacts/
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Integrated Nanophotonic Devices
2014
https://www.sciencedirect.com/book/9780323228626/integrated-nanophotonic-devices
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Peptide Nanophotonics: From Optical Waveguiding to Precise Medicine and Multifunctional Biochips
19 July 2018
https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/smll.201801147
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The Role of Nanophotonics in Regenerative Medicine
08 October 2011
https://link.springer.com/protocol/10.1007/978-1-61779-388-2_17
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Small and bright: what nanophotonics means for you
May 3, 2016
https://theconversation.com/small-and-bright-what-nanophotonics-means-for-you-58747
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DNA origami: an outstanding platform for functions in nanophotonics and cancer therapy
2021
https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlelanding/2021/an/d0an02160a
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News tagged with nanophotonics
https://phys.org/tags/nanophotonics/
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Quantum Optics and Nanophotonics
2017
https://global.oup.com/academic/product/quantum-optics-and-nanophotonics-9780198768609?cc=us&lang=en&
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Burst of light speeds up healing by turbocharging our cells
10 July 2015
https://www.newscientist.com/article/dn27877-burst-of-light-speeds-up-healing-by-turbocharging-our-cells/
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Ultraviolet Irradiation of Blood: “The Cure That Time Forgot”?
2018
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6122858/
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Does solar ultraviolet radiation play a role in COVID-19 infection and deaths? An environmental ecological study in Italy
2020
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33272604/
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Low-dose radiation therapy for COVID-19 pneumopathy: What is the evidence?
2020
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32388805/
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UV Radiation Kills Virus That Causes COVID-19 in Lab, Study Finds
March 10, 2021
https://www.aau.edu/research-scholarship/featured-research-topics/uv-radiation-kills-virus-causes-covid-19-lab-study
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COVID-19 Vaccine-Induced Radiation Recall Phenomenon
2021 Mar 4
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33677050/
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Global evidence for ultraviolet radiation decreasing COVID-19 growth rates
January 5, 2021
https://www.pnas.org/content/118/1/e2012370118
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The Vital Light of Nikola Tesla: Healing Power of Ultraviolet Rays
April 24, 2021
Food and Drug Industries Embrace UV Light
Medical Journals and Researchers Endorse UV and Ozone Therapy
Stage 4 Breast Cancer Treated with UV Light, Ozone Therapy, and Chemo
Healing Powers of Ultraviolet Light
In 1890, a British missionary named Theobald Palm declared that burning coal caused children to suffer from rickets – a disease of the bones. He believed that specific healing fields of solar light were being blocked by air pollution from the smoky coal fires, and this deficiency of sunlight was creating a deficiency of vitamin D needed to build healthy bones.
During his career, Nikola Tesla created neon lights made of gases, phosphors, and glass to allow the various colours of the light spectrum to pass through. He understood that it was the invisible ultraviolet portion that had the most medicinal effect. This UV spectrum was eventually divided into letters according to frequencies in lengths of nano-metres. UVA, or near UV (315–400 nm), UVB, or middle UV (280–315 nm) and UVC, or far UV (180–280 nm).
Since solar ultraviolet light was free (via the sun’s rays), UV-transparent materials called vita-glass became popular for construction of hospitals, spas, and solariums in the 1920s. Entire cities consisting of “health glass” were planned and promoted as being “vital” for the creation of vitamin D to treat rickets and other diseases.
UVA light is what causes the body to tan (and it passes through regular glass). UVB contains the “vital rays” of healing fields, and UVC is filtered from reaching the earth by the natural ozone layer. Tesla understood that by removing the iron in glass, UVB rays could then pass through. Tesla’s artificial UVC light required quartz crystal glass, which could allow all UV light frequencies to pass through.
• UV light for lifting mood: When Tesla’s artificial UVB light device was first introduced to the marketplace, consumers from cold, wintry, dark countries of the former Soviet Union, Europe, and North America embraced this light therapy which could direct healing rays toward the body all year round. Eventually, high-tech German factories mastered the manufacture of solarium beds which employed Tesla’s technology, and well-informed customers lined up to acquire them for healing the winter blues.
• UV light phototherapy for skin diseases: In 1903, Niels Ryberg Finsen was awarded the Nobel Prize for his invention of UV light therapy for skin tuberculosis (lupus vulgaris). These days, dermatologists worldwide recognize that special frequencies of UV light called Narrowband UVB (NB-UVB 311 nm) can heal skin diseases such as vitiligo, psoriasis, and even cancers such as T-cell lymphomas can also be treated with UV light. A positive side effect of UVB phototherapy is the creation of high vitamin D levels in the blood. When skin is exposed to UVB/C light, a type of steroid hormone is created called vitamin D, but in reality it’s not a vitamin at all. This steroid hormone works to regulate our endocrine and immune system, which in turn helps to lift the winter blues.
• UV light and ozone therapy for treating viral disease: UVC light can act as a disinfectant to prevent bacteria from causing infections after surgery or in open wounds that fail to heal. Medical ozone machines now contain a quartz crystal cylinder that is exposed to a cold corona discharge of UV. When oxygen is passed over the crystal, it adds a third healing molecule (-O3). When blood is drawn from the body and then exposed directly to UVC light or mixed with ozone, it damages the DNA of viruses and stops them from replicating. When this blood is reintroduced back into the body, it revitalizes the immune system. Countless diseases are still treated this way mostly in Russia, Cuba, and in the private clinics of German-speaking countries.
https://vitalitymagazine.com/article/the-vital-light-of-nikola-tesla-healing-power-of-ultraviolet-light/
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378: Healing with UBI: Ultraviolet Blood Irradiation
May 21, 2021
https://drpompa.com/podcasts/378-healing-with-ubi-ultraviolet-blood-irradiation/
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Ultraviolet Blood Treatment Revisited
September 28, 2016
https://sciencebasedmedicine.org/ultraviolet-blood-treatment-revisited/
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Pulsed electromagnetic field therapy
Pulsed electromagnetic field therapy (PEMFT, or PEMF therapy), also known as low field magnetic stimulation (LFMS) uses electromagnetic fields in an attempt to heal non-union fractures and depression. By 2007 the FDA had cleared several such stimulation devices.
In 2013 the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) warned a manufacturer for promoting the device for unapproved uses such as cerebral palsy and spinal cord injury.
Contents
1 Use
1.1 Delayed- and non-union fractures
2 History
3 Wellness devices
4 Research
4.1 Knee osteoarthritis
4.2 Depression
4.3 Postoperative Pain
4.4 Musculoskeletal Pain
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulsed_electromagnetic_field_therapy
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PULSED ELECTRO-MAGNETIC FIELD THERAPY
Healing at the Cellular Level and the Future of Pain Relief
https://www.healmindbody.com/service/pulsed-electro-magnetic-field-therapy/
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Pulsed radiofrequency
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulsed_radiofrequency#Therapeutic_uses
Pulsed radiofrequency is the technique whereby radio frequency (RF) oscillations are gated at a rate of pulses (cycles) per second (one cycle per second is known as a hertz (Hz)). Radio frequency energies occupy 1.0 x 104 Hz to 3.0 x 1011 Hz of the electromagnetic spectrum. Radio frequency electromagnetic energy is routinely produced by RF electrical circuits connected to a transducer, usually an antenna.
Therapeutic uses
Pulsed radiofrequency fields are an emerging technology used in the medical field for the treatment of tumors, cardiac arrhythmias, chronic and post-operative pain, bone fracture, and soft tissue wounds. There are two general categories of pulsed radiofrequency field therapies based on their mechanism of action: thermal and non-thermal (athermal).
While thermal radiofrequency ablation for tumors and cardiac arrhythmia has been used for over 25 years, non-thermal pulsed radio frequency is currently being developed for the ablation of cardiac arrhythmias and tumors. The technique uses pulsed radio frequency energy delivered via catheter at frequencies of 300–750 kHz for 30 to 60 seconds. Thermal pulsed radio frequency takes advantage of high current delivered focally by an electrode to ablate the tissue of interest. Generally the tissue/electrode temperature reached is 60 to 75 °C resulting in focal tissue destruction. Thermal pulse radio frequency ablation has also been used for lesioning of peripheral nerves to reduce chronic pain.
Non thermal therapeutic uses of pulsed radio frequency are currently being used to treat pain and edema, chronic wounds, and bone repair. Pulsed radiofrequency therapy technologies are described by the acronyms EMF (electromagnetic field), PEMF (pulsed electromagnetic fields), PRF (pulsed radiofrequency fields), and PRFE (pulsed radiofrequency energy).
These technologies have been varied in terms of their electric and magnetic field energies as well as in the pulse length, duty cycle, treatment time and mode of delivery. Although pulsed radiofrequency has been used for medical treatment purposes for decades, peer reviewed publications assessing the efficacy and physiological mechanism(s) are now starting to appear addressing this technology.
Potential effects of non-thermal PEMFs are seen on some human cell types with different sensitivites, while the evidence suggests that frequencies higher than 100 Hz, flux densities between 1 and 10 mT, and chronic exposure more than 10 days would be more effective in establishing some cellular response.
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New cancer therapy using ultra-violet C (UVC) pulse flash irradiation
August 21, 2012
https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/08/120821143221.htm
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Pulsed electromagnetic fields accelerate wound healing in the skin of diabetic rats
2010
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20082338/
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Chapter 27: Electromagnetic Stimulation for Wound Repair
https://fadavispt.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?bookid=1954§ionid=146795034
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Bioelectromagnetics
Bioelectromagnetics, also known as bioelectromagnetism, is the study of the interaction between electromagnetic fields and biological entities. Areas of study include electromagnetic fields produced by living cells, tissues or organisms, the effects of man-made sources of electromagnetic fields like mobile phones, and the application of electromagnetic radiation toward therapies for the treatment of various conditions.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bioelectromagnetics
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Bioelectromagnetics
https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/medicine-and-dentistry/bioelectromagnetics
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Electrotherapy
Electrotherapy is the use of electrical energy as a medical treatment. In medicine, the term electrotherapy can apply to a variety of treatments, including the use of electrical devices such as deep brain stimulators for neurological disease. The term has also been applied specifically to the use of electric current to speed wound healing. Additionally, the term “electrotherapy” or “electromagnetic therapy” has also been applied to a range of alternative medical devices and treatments.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrotherapy
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Shocking results: Electricity can stop wide range of waterborne viruses
Oct 19, 2021
https://research.tamu.edu/2021/10/19/shocking-results-electricity-can-stop-wide-range-of-waterborne-viruses/
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COVID-19: Electrostatic Sprayers and Foggers for Disinfectant Application Webinar
July 15, 2021
https://www.epa.gov/emergency-response-research/covid-19-electrostatic-sprayers-and-foggers-disinfectant-application
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Therapeutic application of light and electromagnetic fields to reduce hyper-inflammation triggered by COVID-19
April 29, 2021
Abstract
COVID-19 – related morbidity is associated with exaggerated inflammation and cytokine production in the lungs, leading to acute respiratory failure. The cellular mechanisms underlying these so-called ‘cytokine storms’ are regulated through the Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) signaling pathway and by ROS (Reactive Oxygen Species). Both light (Photobiomodulation) and magnetic fields (e.g., Pulsed Electro Magnetic Field) stimulation are noninvasive therapies known to confer anti-inflammatory effects and regulate ROS signaling pathways. Here we show that daily exposure to two 10-minute intervals of moderate intensity infra-red light significantly lowered the inflammatory response induced via the TLR4 receptor signaling pathway in human cell cultures. Anti-inflammatory effects were likewise achieved by electromagnetic field exposure of cells to daily 10-minute intervals of either Pulsed Electromagnetic Fields (PEMF), or to Low-Level static magnetic fields. Because current illumination and electromagnetic field therapies have no known side effects, and are already approved for some medical uses, we have here developed protocols for verification in clinical trials of COVID-19 infection. These treatments are affordable, simple to implement, and may help to resolve the acute respiratory distress of COVID-19 patients both in the home and in the hospital.
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A Bioelectromagnetic Proposal Approaching the Complex Challenges of COVID-19
2021
https://www.scirp.org/journal/paperinformation.aspx?paperid=106089
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Pulsed Electromagnetic Fields: How They Heal
https://www.doctoroz.com/article/pulsed-electromagnetic-fields-how-they-heal
By William Pawluk, MD, MSc Board Certified Family Physician and Holistic Health Practitioner; Former Assistant Professor at Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine and University of Maryland Dr. Pawluk is the creator of http://www.drpawluk.com, an authoritative informational source on PEMFs. He has also authored a book, and appeared and consulted for the media, as well as universities conducting research.
Having healthy cells is not a passive process. Active, regular tuning-up of our cells is not only feasible, but also necessary to slow aging and reduce the risk of cell dysfunction. We are, after all, only as healthy as our cells. Imperceptible cell dysfunction that is not corrected early can lead to disease. Fine-tuning can be done daily in only minutes, using pulsed electromagnetic fields (PEMFs). In addition, when there is a known imbalance (when symptoms are present) or there is a known disease or condition, PEMF treatments, used either alone or along with other therapies, can often help cells rebalance dysfunction faster.
PEMFs work to:
Reduce pain, inflammation, the effects of stress on the body, and platelet adhesion.
Improve energy, circulation, blood and tissue oxygenation, sleep quality, blood pressure and cholesterol levels, the uptake of nutrients, cellular detoxification and the ability to regenerate cells.
Balance the immune system and stimulate RNA and DNA.
Accelerate repair of bone and soft tissue.
Relax muscles.
PEMFs have been used extensively for decades for many conditions and medical disciplines, and results can be seen in animals as well as humans. The National Institutes of Health have made PEMFs a priority for research. In fact, many PEMF devices have already been approved by the FDA, some specifically to fuse broken bones, wound healing, pain and tissue swelling, and treat depression. Most therapeutic PEMF devices are considered safe by various standards and organizations.
What are PEMFs and how do they work?
Science teaches us that everything is energy. Energy is always dynamic and, therefore, has a frequency; it changes by the second or minute, for example, at the very least.
All energy is electromagnetic in nature. All atoms, chemicals and cells produce electromagnetic fields (EMFs). Every organ in the body produces it own signature bioelectromagnetic field. Science has proven that our bodies actually project their own magnetic fields and that all 70 trillion cells in the body communicate via electromagnetic frequencies. Nothing happens in the body without an electromagnetic exchange. When the electromagnetic activity of the body ceases, life ceases.
Physics, that is, electromagnetic energy, controls chemistry. This in turn controls tissue function. Disruption of electromagnetic energy in cells causes impaired cell metabolism, whatever the initial cause. This happens anywhere in the disease process.
PEMFs address impaired chemistry and thus the function of cells – which in turn, improves health. PEMFs deliver beneficial, health-enhancing EMFs and frequencies to the cells. Low frequency PEMFs of even the weakest strengths pass right through the body, penetrating every cell, tissue, organ and even bone without being absorbed or altered! As they pass through, they stimulate most of the electrical and chemical processes in the tissues. Therapeutic PEMFs are specifically designed to positively support cellular energy, resulting in better cellular health and function.
Devices that produce PEMFs vary by a number of important features: frequency, waveform, strength, and types of stimulators. Frequencies can be simple or complex; and high, medium or low. Intensity can also be high, medium or low.
No “one-size” treatment fits all situations. Most PEMF devices help to varying degrees depending on the problem or condition, but selecting the wrong device may produce unsatisfactory results. Since the body is complex, PEMFs are ideal devices to be able get good results without needing a myriad of different treatments.
Aren’t some EMFs bad for you?
They can be. Evidence is mounting that a new form of pollution called “electrosmog” is a very real threat because it is disruptive to cell metabolism. Manmade, unnatural EMFs come from electrical wiring and equipment, for example, power lines, communications towers, computers, TVs, cell phones – everything from the wiring in our homes to fluorescent lighting to microwave ovens, hair dryers, clock radios, electric blankets and more.
Electrosmog EMFs are not designed with the body in mind. They can be a strong inducer of stress in the body and, therefore, drain our energy. Electrosmog includes “dirty” electricity, ground currents, microwaves and radio waves. Microwaves are not only from leaky microwave ovens, but also from cell towers, cell phones and wireless equipment.
Electrosmog is all around us and can only be partially blocked. One of the best solutions is to take measures to decrease your exposure. With therapeutic PEMFs, one can purposely add beneficial balancing frequencies to the body to decrease the burden of the negative effects of electrosmog.
PEMFs and Magnets: What’s the difference?
PEMFs are frequency-based, applied to either the whole body or parts of the body. PEMFs may only be needed for short periods of time, while the effects last for many hours, setting in motion cellular and whole-body changes to restore and maintain balance in metabolism and health. The body does not acclimate, or “get used to,” the healthy energy signals of therapeutic PEMFs, even if used for a long time, compared to magnets.
Stationary (or “static”), non-varying, magnetic fields from magnets have fixed strengths. They are used in mattresses, bracelets, knee wraps and the like. Most have very shallow penetration into the body, resulting in a very limited ability to affect deeper tissues, and they rarely treat all the cells of the body simultaneously. Only skilled practitioners may guide you to get the best results from these approaches.
Experience with PEMFs
There are quite a number of PEMF systems available now in the US, for daily in-home use, that can help meet your unique needs. Some are FDA-approved and many more are available over-the counter or from various experienced practitioners. Some whole-body systems have been available in the US for over a decade and have been used in Europe by tens of thousands of people for a wide variety of problems without significant negative effects for over 20 years. One PEMF system has been studied through NIH-supported research at the University of Virginia for Rheumatoid Arthritis. These whole body systems have been used worldwide, not only by health-conscious individuals for health improvement and maintenance, but also by world-class and Olympic athletes for increased endurance, enhanced performance, and faster recovery.
For more information on these devices, click here.
What kind of doctor can help me with PEMFs?
Unfortunately, very few conventional, and even alternative or holistic, doctors know about these devices or this technological area. This is not a subject of mandatory education for doctors. Doctors often learn about these new technologies long after the public does, as has been seen with acupuncture. The process of educating doctors and other non-medical practitioners is growing all the time but will take years. Be patient and look for practitioners who have expertise in the area of PEMF therapies.
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Understanding Electromagnetic Treatments
November 30, 2011
In addition to immediate pain relief, the administration of electricity or its derivatives may assist tissue healing and regeneration by cell stimulation, removal of edema and inflammatory mediators, and angiogenesis.
https://www.practicalpainmanagement.com/treatments/complementary/understanding-electromagnetic-treatments
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Inhibiting ischemic damage to donated kidneys using a synchronization modulation electric field
March 10, 2022
https://medicalxpress.com/news/2022-03-inhibiting-ischemic-donated-kidneys-synchronization.html
A team of researchers affiliated with several institutions in the U.S., has found that applying a synchronized modulation electric field to mouse kidneys can reduce damage due to ischemia-reperfusion injury. In their paper published in the journal Science Translational Medicine, the researchers describe their approach and how well it worked when transplanting kidneys into mice and the results when it was used on unsalvageable human kidneys.
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Electrohomeopathy
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrohomeopathy
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Magnet therapy
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnet_therapy
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The History of Magnets Used for Healing
February 13,2021
https://advancedmagnetictherapy.com/blog/history-of-magnets-used-for-healing/
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Can Magnets Heal?
January 9, 2008
https://sciencebasedmedicine.org/can-magnets-heal/
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Healing with Magnets
https://www.faim.org/healing-with-magnets
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List of unproven and disproven cancer treatments
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_unproven_and_disproven_cancer_treatments
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Energy medicine
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Energy_medicine#Polarity_therapy
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Hyperbaric medicine
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyperbaric_medicine
Contents
1 Scope
2 Medical uses
2.1 Hearing issues
2.2 Chronic ulcers
2.3 Radiation injury
2.4 Neuro-rehabilitation
2.5 Cancer
2.6 Migraines
3 Respiratory distress
4 Contraindications
5 Therapeutic principles
5.1 Clinical pressure (2.0-3.0 Bar)
5.2 Proangiogenic Stem Progenitor Cell Mobilization
5.3 Low pressure hyperoxia, stem progenitor cell mobilization and inflammatory cytokine expression
6 Hyperbaric chambers
6.1 Construction
6.2 Oxygen supply
7 Treatments
7.1 Protocol
7.2 Home and out-patient clinic treatment
7.3 Possible complications and concerns
7.4 Effects of pressure
8 Costs
9 Research
9.1 Neurological
9.2 Radiation wounds
10 History
10.1 Hyperbaric air
10.2 Hyperbaric oxygen
Hyperbaric medicine is medical treatment in which an ambient pressure greater than sea level atmospheric pressure is a necessary component. The treatment comprises hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT), the medical use of oxygen at an ambient pressure higher than atmospheric pressure, and therapeutic recompression for decompression illness, intended to reduce the injurious effects of systemic gas bubbles by physically reducing their size and providing improved conditions for elimination of bubbles and excess dissolved gas.
The equipment required for hyperbaric oxygen treatment consists of a pressure chamber, which may be of rigid or flexible construction, and a means of delivering 100% oxygen. Operation is performed to a predetermined schedule by trained personnel who monitor the patient and may adjust the schedule as required. HBOT found early use in the treatment of decompression sickness, and has also shown great effectiveness in treating conditions such as gas gangrene and carbon monoxide poisoning. More recent research has examined the possibility that it may also have value for other conditions such as cerebral palsy and multiple sclerosis, but no significant evidence has been found.
Therapeutic recompression is usually also provided in a hyperbaric chamber. It is the definitive treatment for decompression sickness and may also be used to treat arterial gas embolism caused by pulmonary barotrauma of ascent. In emergencies divers may sometimes be treated by in-water recompression (when a chamber is not available) if suitable diving equipment (to reasonably secure the airway) is available.
A number of hyperbaric treatment schedules have been published over the years for both therapeutic recompression and hyperbaric oxygen therapy for other conditions.
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Georges Lakhovsky
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georges_Lakhovsky
Georges Lakhovsky (born Georgei Lakhovsky; Russian: Георгий Лаховский; 17 September 1869 – 31 August 1942) was a Russian-French engineer, author, and inventor.
Life
Lakhovsky’s controversial medical treatment invention, the Multiple Wave Oscillator, is described as having been used by him in the treatment of cancer. The main circuit basically consists of concentric rings forming electrical dipole antennas having capacitive gaps opposing each other by 180° (called Lakhovsky antennas). The circuit is fed with high voltage, high frequency, impulses from a generator, usually Oudin coils. If set up correctly, the unit is supposed to create a broad band frequency spectrum of low amplitude, consisting of much more substantially lower and higher frequencies, from 1 Hz to 300 GHz, than those of the exciting generator, usually several 100 kHz to a few MHz from a Tesla transformer or several kilohertz from an induction coil. The power of every frequencies in this broad band noise spectrum is very low. In order to create more harmonics and sub-harmonics, an additional spark gap on the secondary side has been found in some devices, being mounted directly on the antenna, or being mounted in parallel to the secondary coil.
None of the claimed benefits and effects for health have ever been proven by modern science.
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Chromotherapy
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chromotherapy
Chromotherapy, sometimes called color therapy, colorology or cromatherapy, is an alternative medicine method that is considered pseudoscience. Chromotherapists claim to be able to use light in the form of color to balance “energy” lacking from a person’s body, whether it be on physical, emotional, spiritual, or mental levels.
Color therapy is distinct from other types of light therapy, such as neonatal jaundice treatment[2] and blood irradiation therapy, which are scientifically accepted medical treatments for a number of conditions, as well as from photobiology, the scientific study of the effects of light on living organisms.
Chromotherapy is a pseudoscience; practitioners claim that exposure to certain hues of light can help people to feel better physically or mentally, which has not been backed up by experimental, peer-reviewed research.
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Light therapy
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Light_therapy
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LED light therapy for skin: Does it work?
April 6, 2020
https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/led-light-therapy
LED stands for light-emitting diode. These lights have been in use since the 1960s, but people have only recently begun to use them as a skin treatment.
NASA originally developedTrusted Source LED lights for plant growth experiments in space.
However, since then, LEDs have shown promising results in wound healing and human tissue growth.
Different wavelengths of light in LED lights, including blue and red, penetrate the skin at different depths. This penetration may trigger biological processes that help the skin rejuvenate and heal.
Blue light
Experts believe that blue LED light reduces activity in the sebaceous glands, which are small oil-producing glands in the skin. This reduction in activity causes the glands to produce less oil, possibly improving acne symptoms.
Blue light may also kill a type of bacteria that contributes to acne by causing inflammation.
Animal researchTrusted Source indicates that blue light can improve the healing of third degree burns.
Red light
Red LED light may improve scarring and signs of aging, such as wrinkles. It may do thisTrusted Source by acting on fibroblasts, which are skin cells that are responsible for collagen production.
Collagen is a protein in the skin and other connective tissues. It plays a role in skin healing. The body produces less collagen as a person ages, which causes the skin to show signs of aging.
Red light also reduces skin inflammation.
Uses and benefits
LED light therapy can help treat a variety of skin problems, including:
acne
dermatitis
dull skin
eczema
psoriasis
rosacea
scarring
signs of aging, including wrinkles and age spots
sun damage
wound healing
other inflammatory skin conditions
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The Pros and Cons of Eczema Light Therapy
February 17, 2021
https://www.everydayhealth.com/eczema/light-therapy.aspx
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LED lights: Are they a cure for your skin woes?
October 1, 2019
https://www.health.harvard.edu/staying-healthy/led-lights-are-they-a-cure-for-your-skin-woes
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The Histopathological Investigation of Red and Blue Light Emitting Diode on Treating Skin Wounds in Japanese Big-Ear White Rabbit
June 27, 2016
https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0157898
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Light Therapy – Blue and/or Red Light
July 16, 2020
Red and/or Blue Light May Reduce Acne to Some Degree, but Should Be Combined with Other Treatments
https://www.acne.org/light-therapy.html
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13 Skin Conditions you can Cure with Blue Light Therapy
2008
In recent years, there have been fantastic advances in the field of Light Therapy (also known as Phototherapy or Heliotherapy).
Light Therapy involves the controlled exposure of daylight or specific wavelengths of light to a patient. A specific type of light is administered for a prescribed amount of time and at specific times of the day.
One of the exciting developments in the field of light therapy has been “Blue Light”. Blue Light treatments use a narrow-band of high-intensity blue light that does not contain ultraviolet light. It’s unlike other light therapies that use ultraviolet light which can be damage your skin.
Is Blue Light Therapy a Cure-All treatment?
The benefits of Blue Light therapy are wide ranging. It is used in a whole range of treatments.
While clinical trials are still to be completed, the extensive use of light therapy throughout the years gives confidence that Blue Light therapy can play a powerful role in improving our health and well-being.
Let’s take a look at some of the most common uses for Blue Light therapy.
Blue Light Therapy for Treating Skin Conditions
Blue light therapy is a form of light therapy that has been found to have very effective for treating a wide range of skin conditions and ailments.
While natural light therapy and controlled light therapies have been used extensively for a number of years in the treatment of skin conditions, the advantage of blue light therapy is that the intense light that is emitted during the therapy does not contain any ultra violet light which can cause damage to the skin.
Blue light therapies are being used to treat a whole range of different health issues and ailments. However they have been particularly popular for use in treating acne and other skin conditions.
Acne
Oily Skin
Blackheads
Rosacea
Eczema
Psoriasis
Stretch Marks
Wrinkles
Hyper-Pigmentation or Dark Spots
Melasma
Actinic Keratosis & Skin Cancer
Keratosis Pilaris
Neonatal Jaundice
Depression
Insomnia
Animal Issues too!
https://www.sickjournal.com/blog/13-skin-conditions-you-can-cure-blue-light-therapy
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FDA Approves Pulsaderm New Blue LED Skincare Product
July 15, 2014
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Cryptochrome
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cryptochrome
Cryptochromes (from the Greek κρυπτός χρώμα, “hidden colour”) are a class of flavoproteins found in plants and animals that are sensitive to blue light. They are involved in the circadian rhythms and the sensing of magnetic fields in a number of species. The name cryptochrome was proposed as a portmanteau combining the cryptic nature of the photoreceptor, and the cryptogamic organisms on which many blue-light studies were carried out.
The two genes Cry1 and Cry2 code the two cryptochrome proteins CRY1 and CRY2. In insects and plants, CRY1 regulates the circadian clock in a light-dependent fashion, whereas in mammals, CRY1 and CRY2 act as light-independent inhibitors of CLOCK-BMAL1 components of the circadian clock. In plants, blue-light photoreception can be used to cue developmental signals. Besides chlorophylls, cryptochromes are the only proteins known to form photoinduced radical-pairs in vivo.
Discovery
Although Charles Darwin first documented plant responses to blue light in the 1880s, it was not until the 1980s that research began to identify the pigment responsible. In 1980, researchers discovered that the HY4 gene of the plant Arabidopsis thaliana was necessary for the plant’s blue light sensitivity, and, when the gene was sequenced in 1993, it showed high sequence homology with photolyase, a DNA repair protein activated by blue light. By 1995, it became clear that the products of the HY4 gene and its two human homologs did not exhibit photolyase activity and were instead a new class of blue light photoreceptor hypothesized to be circadian photopigments. In 1996 and 1998, Cry homologs were identified in Drosophila and mice, respectively.
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A reaction that removes sulfur, nitrogen or oxygen atoms from six-membered rings using only blue light
August 27, 2021
https://phys.org/news/2021-08-reaction-sulfur-nitrogen-oxygen-atoms.html
A team of chemists at the University of California, Berkeley, working with a group at Merck & Co. Inc. has developed a reaction that can be used to remove a single sulfur, nitrogen or oxygen atom from a six-membered ring using only a blue light. In their paper published in the journal Science the group describes their reaction and possible uses for it in various applications.
In recent years, chemists have found ways to manipulate the carbon rings that are used to create a host of pharmaceutical and agrochemical products, but most are complex and difficult to conduct. They also typically involve using a lot of energy. In this new effort, the researchers have found a way to break the C–S, C–O and C–N bonds in saturated heterocycle rings to remove an atom, using only a blue light—afterward, the ring recloses, with one less atom.
To carry out a reaction, the researchers first expose an aromatic ketone group (which is attached to a heterocycle) to a blue LED light. This sets off a Norrish reaction, wherein a carbon-heteroatom bond is cleaved, resulting in the opening of the ring and the ejection of an atom. This works because it results in the creation of a core radical. The second part of the reaction involves closure of the ring, which, the team notes, involves a procedure similar to a Mannich reaction. They note that for the reaction to work, the light wavelength had to match exactly with the carbonyl in the starting material. They also note that no atoms were removed from the molecule, nor were any added—the structure was simply rearranged in a way that left a five-membered ring.
The researchers note that despite its simplicity, the reaction is a game-changer for manipulating the building blocks of medicinal chemistry. They note also that the reaction could likely be used in combination with other reactions—offering a 1-2 punch sort of reaction to make more than one modification at a time. They demonstrated the effectiveness of their reaction by using it to edit multiple well-known drugs, such as mefloquine and rimiterol. They also noted that their new goal is to find a way to add an aromatic ketone to a saturated heterocycle.
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The Histopathological Investigation of Red and Blue Light Emitting Diode on Treating Skin Wounds in Japanese Big-Ear White Rabbit
June 27, 2016
https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0157898
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Light Therapy – Blue and/or Red Light
July 16, 2020
Red and/or Blue Light May Reduce Acne to Some Degree, but Should Be Combined with Other Treatments
https://www.acne.org/light-therapy.html
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What to know about red light therapy
July 29, 2019
https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/325884
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Red Light Therapy Benefits
March 5, 2020
https://www.healthline.com/health/red-light-therapy
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Could Light Therapy Be The Solution To Your Chronic Pain And Inflammation?
Plus, how red and near-infrared technology could treat brain injuries, superbugs, and even cancer.
Nov 17, 2017
https://www.prevention.com/health/a20505854/light-therapy-for-chronic-pain/
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Brazilian researchers obtain more efficient red bioluminescence
March 31, 2021
Researchers at the Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar) in the state of São Paulo, Brazil, have developed a novel far red light-emitting luciferin-luciferase system that is more efficient than those available commercially. An article on the subject is published in the International Journal of Molecular Sciences.
Luciferin-luciferase system developed in collaboration with Japanese researchers produces brighter and longer-lasting far red light. The innovation can be used to image cells and tissues for diagnosis and biomedical research.
https://agencia.fapesp.br/brazilian-researchers-obtain-more-efficient-red-bioluminescence/35516/
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Red light therapy: The key to better sex or a sham?
3.7.2020
https://www.inverse.com/mind-body/red-light-therapy
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Red Light Therapy for Cancer: Fact or Fiction?
February 11, 2019
https://www.thepaleomom.com/red-light-therapy-for-cancer/
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Red Light Therapy: The Pros and Cons (Debated)
April 17, 2020
https://drkellyann.com/blogs/news/red-light-therapy-the-pros-and-cons
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The Health Benefits Of Red Light Therapy, Yellow (Amber) Light Therapy & NIR Light Therapy
Dec 3, 2018
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Du9sojumV8k
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White-light-emitting hydrogels with self-healing properties and adjustable emission colors
2020
Abstract
White-light-emitting soft materials with self-healing properties show extensive applications in many fields. Herein, a novel self-healing hydrogel is successfully fabricated using oxidized dextran (Odex) and dithiodipropionate dihydrazide (TPH). Carbon dots (CDs), Riboflavin (Ri) and Rhodamine B (RhB) are incorporated into the gel matrix to produce white light emission through fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) process, thus achieving excellent Commission Internationale de L’eclairage (CIE) coordinate value of (0.30, 0.33). The emission colors can be easily tuned via changing proportions of three emitters or the excitation wavelength. When the hydrogels are coated on an ultraviolet light-emitting diodes (UV LED), the hydrogel coating converts UV light to white light and repairs itself in 20 h while a hole is dug from it. Thanks to reversible exchanging reactions of acylhydrazone and disulfide bonds in hydrogel networks, the hydrogel coating exhibits perfect self-healing property in a wide range of pH (from 5 to 9 except for 7). The excellent emission and self-healing properties of hydrogels have great value in practical applications.
Graphical abstract
White-light-emitting self-healing hydrogels were prepared. The hydrogels can heal the damaged part under a wide range of pH and the emission colors are easily adjustable.
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The Benefits of Red, Green, and Blue Light Therapy
Bulbs in different colors deliver a rainbow of health benefits that make you feel strong, rested, and focused. Here’s how to activate their power.
May 05, 2018
https://www.shape.com/lifestyle/mind-and-body/benefits-light-therapy-red-green-blue
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Green light emitting diodes accelerate wound healing: characterization of the effect and its molecular basis in vitro and in vivo
2012
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22380691/
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Green Light for Migraine Relief
Exposure to a narrow band of green light may reduce light sensitivity and headache severity
May 17, 2016
https://hms.harvard.edu/news/green-light-migraine-relief
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Testing the Healing Potential of Light
Sept 13, 2017
University of Arizona surgical specialist Kerry Gilbraith holds a clear plastic container affixed with green LED strips that was used in the migraine study.
https://www.webmd.com/migraines-headaches/news/20170913/new-uses-for-light-therapy
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Green Light Therapy Benefits – Does It Work?
June 7, 2018
https://healthroot.com/green-light-therapy-benefits/
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Green Light Therapy Benefits
2010
https://www.leaf.tv/articles/what-is-the-meaning-of-a-black-jade/
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Why we all need green in our lives
June 5, 2017
https://edition.cnn.com/2017/06/05/health/colorscope-green-environment-calm/index.html
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UV light triggered self-healing of green epoxy coatings
2021
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0950061821024806
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Light therapy by blue LED improves wound healing in an excision model in rats
2010
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22081819/
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Low-level laser therapy with 810 nm wavelength improves skin wound healing in rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes
2014
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24661084/
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Light Therapy for Psoriasis
June 7, 2019
https://health.usnews.com/conditions/skin-disease/psoriasis/articles/light-therapy-for-psoriasis
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Psoriasis and phototherapy
https://www.papaa.org/learn-about-psoriasis-and-psoriatic-arthritis/further-resources/psoriasis-and-phototherapy/
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Fibroblast activation protein targeted near infrared photoimmunotherapy (NIR PIT) overcomes therapeutic resistance in human esophageal cancer
18 January 2021
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-021-81465-4
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Evaluation of the efficacy of low-level light therapy using 1072 nm infrared light for the treatment of herpes simplex labialis
2013 Jun 3
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23731454/
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A Cure for HPV, Using Light. Bravo!
February 12, 2019
https://www.acsh.org/news/2019/02/12/cure-hpv-using-light-bravo-13801
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Photodynamic therapy
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photodynamic_therapy
Photodynamic therapy (PDT), is a form of phototherapy involving light and a photosensitizing chemical substance, used in conjunction with molecular oxygen to elicit cell death (phototoxicity).
PDT is popularly used in treating acne. It is used clinically to treat a wide range of medical conditions, including wet age-related macular degeneration, psoriasis, atherosclerosis and has shown some efficacy in anti-viral treatments, including herpes. It also treats malignant cancers including head and neck, lung, bladder and particular skin. The technology has also been tested for treatment of prostate cancer, both in a dog model and in human prostate cancer patients.
It is recognised as a treatment strategy that is both minimally invasive and minimally toxic. Other light-based and laser therapies such as laser wound healing and rejuvenation, or intense pulsed light hair removal do not require a photosensitizer. Photosensitisers have been employed to sterilise blood plasma and water in order to remove blood-borne viruses and microbes and have been considered for agricultural uses, including herbicides and insecticides.[citation needed]
Photodynamic therapy’s advantages lessen the need for delicate surgery and lengthy recuperation and minimal formation of scar tissue and disfigurement. A side effect is the associated photosensitisation of skin tissue.
Close up of surgeons’ hands in an operating room with a beam of light traveling along fiber optics for photodynamic therapy. Its source is a laser beam which is split at two different stages to create the proper therapeutic wavelength. A patient is given a photosensitive drug that is absorbed by cancer cells. During the surgery, the light beam is positioned at the tumor site, which then activates the drug that kills the cancer cells, thus photodynamic therapy (PDT).
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Photothermal therapy
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photothermal_therapy
Photothermal therapy (PTT) refers to efforts to use electromagnetic radiation (most often in infrared wavelengths) for the treatment of various medical conditions, including cancer. This approach is an extension of photodynamic therapy, in which a photosensitizer is excited with specific band light. This activation brings the sensitizer to an excited state where it then releases vibrational energy (heat), which is what kills the targeted cells.
Unlike photodynamic therapy, photothermal therapy does not require oxygen to interact with the target cells or tissues. Current studies also show that photothermal therapy is able to use longer wavelength light, which is less energetic and therefore less harmful to other cells and tissues.
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An Overview of Phototherapy
August 12, 2021
https://www.verywellhealth.com/phototherapy-overview-4177939
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Mechanisms and applications of the anti-inflammatory effects of photobiomodulation
2017 May 19
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28748217/
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Ultraviolet germicidal irradiation
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ultraviolet_germicidal_irradiation
Ultraviolet germicidal irradiation (UVGI) is a disinfection method that uses short-wavelength ultraviolet (ultraviolet C or UV-C) light to kill or inactivate microorganisms by destroying nucleic acids and disrupting their DNA, leaving them unable to perform vital cellular functions. UVGI is used in a variety of applications, such as food, air, and water purification.
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UV Light Wands Are Supposed to Kill Viruses. But Do They Really Work?
Sellers claim that hand-held UV-C light wands sanitize surfaces, but many are underpowered and others are fakes. Here’s what you need to know.
Aug 3, 2020
https://www.discovermagazine.com/health/uv-light-wands-are-supposed-to-kill-viruses-but-do-they-really-work
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UVC wands kill viruses. Experts warn they’re also a ‘major safety issue’
The invisible light can kill viruses and pathogens like the one that causes COVID-19, but experts are raising alarms about the potential safety risks.
Oct. 20, 2020
https://www.cnet.com/home/smart-home/uvc-light-wands-kill-viruses-experts-warn-major-safety-issue-coronavirus-covid-19/
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UVC light kills wound bacteria
July 23, 2012
https://medicalxpress.com/news/2012-07-uvc-wound-bacteria.html
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Excelitas technologies introduces µPAX-3 Pulsed Xenon Light Source
Jan 12 2022
https://www.news-medical.net/news/20220112/Excelitas-technologies-introduces-c2b5PAX-3-Pulsed-Xenon-Light-Source.aspx
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Quantum Biology: The Hidden Nature of Nature
Sep 17, 2015
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ADiql3FG5is
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High-Frequency Pulsed Electromagnetic Stimulation
Effective: 09/30/1997
Last Review: 02/25/2021
http://www.aetna.com/cpb/medical/data/100_199/0175.html
Policy
Aetna considers high-frequency pulsed electromagnetic stimulation (also known as therapeutic magnetic resonance) experimental and investigational for all indications, including any of the following (not an all-inclusive list) because its effectiveness has not been established:
Acute post-operative pain and edema
Bone consolidation
Cancer (e.g., bladder, breast, colon, liver, lung, ovary, pancreas, prostate, skin, and thyroid; not an all-inclusive list)
Epicondylalgia/epicondylitis, lateral or medial
Fibromyalgia
Knee osteonecrosis
Mechanical neck disorders
Multiple sclerosis spasticity
Neuropathic pain (e.g., painful diabetic peripheral neuropathy)
Osteoarthritis
Osteogenesis promotion
Osteoporosis, prevention and treatment
Parkinson’s disease
Scaphoid fractures
Soft tissue injuries
Subacromial impingement syndrome
Tendinopathy
Tendon regeneration
Wounds.
See also CPB 0680 – Electrical Stimulation for Chronic Ulcers; and CPB 0343 – Bone Growth Stimulators.
Background
Various types of electrical stimulation have been examined for soft tissue injuries and wound healing. These include direct electrical stimulation using high voltage pulsed currents or high voltage galvanic currents in which the electrodes are placed directly on the wound site, low voltage pulsed electromagnetic fields, and high frequency pulsed electromagnetic fields, which include Diapulse (Diapulse Corporation of America, Great Neck, NY). Diapulse has been used in the management of chronic wounds, soft tissues injuries, and other indications including migraine, tinnitus, acute head injuries, and pelvic inflammatory disease. Although there are case studies (Duma-Drzewinska and Buczynski, 1978; Itoh et al, 1991; Comorosan et al, 1993; Tung et al, 1995) as well as small randomized controlled trials (Goldin et a., 1981; Salzberg et al, 1995; and Kenkre et al, 1996) that reported beneficial effects of Diapulse in treating refractory wounds, these studies had many drawbacks. Another electromagnetic device for the treatment of refractory wounds and soft tissue injuries is SofPulse. However, there is a lack of published data on its effectiveness for these indications.
Goldin et al (1981) focused on donor site skin graft healing reported positive results, but it is unclear how the positive outcome (90 % healing) was selected, and whether the results were statistically different at other degrees of healing. The statistical analysis involved adding the scores together from 3 different scales. The validity of this type of analysis is very questionable. Furthermore, healing of donor skin graft sites is perhaps physiologically different than the more common situation of pressure ulcer healing, and it is not clear if the results can be extrapolated from one clinical situation to another.
Salzberg et al (1995) examined if non-thermal pulsed electromagnetic energy treatment increases the healing rate of pressure ulcers in patients with spinal cord injuries (n = 30). Subjects consisted of 30 male spinal cord-injured (SCI) patients, 20 with Stage II and 10 with Stage III pressure ulcers. Subjects were given non-thermal pulsed high-frequency electromagnetic energy treatment for 30 mins twice-daily for 12 weeks or until healed. The percentage of pressure ulcers healed was measured at 1 week. Of the 20 patients with Stage II pressure ulcers, the active group had a significantly increased rate of healing with a greater percentage of the ulcer healed at 1 week than the control group. After controlling for the baseline status of the pressure ulcer, active treatment was independently associated with a significantly shorter median time to complete healing of the ulcer. Stage III pressure ulcers healed faster in the treatment group but the sample size was limited. The authors concluded that the results of this study suggested that non-thermal pulsed electromagnetic energy treatment is safe and accelerates wound healing in SCI men with Stage II pressure ulcers.
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What Is Magnetic Field Therapy?
May 17, 2021
https://www.webmd.com/pain-management/magnetic-field-therapy-overview
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Transcranial magnetic stimulation
Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is a noninvasive form of brain stimulation in which a changing magnetic field is used to cause electric current at a specific area of the brain through electromagnetic induction. An electric pulse generator, or stimulator, is connected to a magnetic coil, which in turn is connected to the scalp. The stimulator generates a changing electric current within the coil which induces a magnetic field; this field then causes a second inductance of inverted electric charge within the brain itself.
TMS has shown diagnostic and therapeutic potential in the central nervous system with a wide variety of disease states in neurology and mental health, with research still evolving.
Adverse effects of TMS are rare, and include fainting and seizure. Other potential issues include discomfort, pain, hypomania, cognitive change, hearing loss, and inadvertent current induction in implanted devices such as pacemakers or defibrillators.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transcranial_magnetic_stimulation
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Recoverable and self-healing electromagnetic wave absorbing nanocomposites
2019
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0266353818330264
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Electromagnetic Wave Absorption Coating Material with Self-Healing Properties
2017
https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/marc.201700447
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Energy medicine for Lyme disease: Light therapy, PEMF and Magnets
June 7, 2019
https://www.redkitemeditations.com/blog/2019/6/5/energy-medicine-for-lyme-disease-light-pemf-and-magnets
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Pulsed Electromagnetic Field Therapy (PEMF) for Dogs & Cats
August 31, 2020
https://petplaceimages-embracepetinsura1.netdna-ssl.com/article/general/pet-health/pulsed-electromagnetic-field-therapy-pemf-cats-dogs/
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Electromagnetic Pulse Therapy – Does it Really Work?
2018
https://www.pemfadvisor.com/electromagnetic-pulse-therapy/
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High-frequency pulsed electromagnetic energy in tinnitus treatment
2004
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15091224/
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Resonant Frequencies May Help to Trace, Delineate, Shatter and Torpedo COVID-19 Physiognomies
Academia Letters, 2021
https://www.academia.edu/49358683/Resonant_Frequencies_May_Help_to_Trace_Delineate_Shatter_and_Torpedo_COVID_19_Physiognomies
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Could ultrasound frequencies kill coronavirus?
18th March 2021
https://www.healtheuropa.eu/could-ultrasound-frequencies-kill-coronavirus/106754/
New simulations have shown that ultrasound waves at medical imaging frequencies have the potential to kill coronavirus by causing the virus’s shell and spikes to collapse and rupture.
A new study, carried out by researchers at MIT‘s Department of Mechanical Engineering, has suggested that coronaviruses may be vulnerable to ultrasound vibrations, within the frequencies used in medical diagnostic imaging. The team modelled the virus’s response to the mechanical vibration across a range of different ultrasound frequencies using computer simulations, finding that vibration between 25 and 100 megahertz causes the shell of the virus to collapse and rupture with in a fraction of a millisecond.
The researchers say this was observed in both air and water, and although the results are preliminary, the researchers say their findings are a first hint at a possible ultrasound-based treatment for coronaviruses, including the novel SARS-CoV-2 virus.
The study has been published in the Journal of the Mechanics and Physics of Solids.
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MIT study shows ultrasound vibrations may kill coronavirus
March 16, 2021
Ultrasound might be able to damage the novel coronavirus in the same way an opera singer’s voice can shatter a wine glass.
https://bigthink.com/health/ultrasound-coronavirus/
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The sound of air: point-of-care lung ultrasound in perioperative medicine
06 February 2018
https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s12630-018-1062-x
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Exploring ligand binding pathways on proteins using hypersound–accelerated molecular dynamic
2020
https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.04.06.026930v1.full.pdf
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Ultrasound vs Hypersound – What’s the difference?
The difference between ultrasound and hypersound is that ultrasound is (physics) sound with a frequency greater than the upper limit of human hearing; approximately 20 kilohertz while hypersound is (physics) sound with a frequency greater than approximately 100 megahertz.
As nouns the difference between ultrasound and hypersound is that ultrasound is (physics) sound with a frequency greater than the upper limit of human hearing; approximately 20 kilohertz while hypersound is (physics) sound with a frequency greater than approximately 100 megahertz.
https://wikidiff.com/hypersound/ultrasound
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Exploring ligand binding pathways on proteins using hypersound–accelerated molecular dynamic
2020
https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.04.06.026930v1.full.pdf
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Subterahertz hypersound attenuation in silica glass studied via picosecond acoustics
20 January 2011
https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Subterahertz-hypersound-attenuation-in-silica-glass-Ayrinhac-For%C3%AAt/ceb43caed8c0005cf4779d8687925c441423b6eb
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Stimulated light scattering and hypersound generation in biological structures
21 July 1993
https://www.spiedigitallibrary.org/conference-proceedings-of-spie/1884/1/Stimulated-light-scattering-and-hypersound-generation-in-biological-structures/10.1117/12.148343.short?SSO=1
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The Physics Of Vibrations And Waves
6th Edition
Pain Solutions Manual
2021 Dec 09
https://pdflife.one/download/4604509-the-physics-of-vibrations-and-waves-6th-edition-pain-solutions-manual
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Delhi-based institute claims to ‘cure’ COVID-19 through cosmic sound therapy
04th July 2020
https://www.newindianexpress.com/nation/2020/jul/04/delhi-based-institute-claims-to-cure-covid-19-through-cosmic-sound-therapy-2165206.html
Vibrational frequencies of coronavirus and two enzymes were decoded, and since each of them have different frequencies, the three sound waves have been designed to deal with each of them.
NEW DELHI: The Human Energy Research Centre — an organisation based on Public-Private Engagement model — in the national capital has claimed to have found a way to cure the COVID-19 by using an extraordinary sound therapy, electro-frequency vibration.
The therapy, developed by Dr Ramesh Vaish, Ikwan Onwuka and Dr Harsh Rastogi, is claimed to be based on the principle derived from the ancient Vedic philosophy that the entire universe is eternally in a state of subtle vibrations called cosmic sound. Combining this knowledge with the principles of quantum theory applicable to a wave, the experts developed three sound waves.
Vibrational frequencies of coronavirus and two enzymes were decoded, and since each of them have different frequencies, the three sound waves have been designed to deal with each of them.
“This sound therapy is completely harmless, drug-free and does not have any side-effects. There is a lot of physics involved in this technique; it is not a medical process. The sound waves will attack the virus and create resonance. The virus, which has a protein cell layer, starts vibrating and therefore the chemical bond breaks down. The virus cannot sustain beyond a certain energy level,” said Dr Vaish.
A trial was conducted in May on some symptomatic patients in home isolation, who volunteered for it. Along with the therapy, the patients continued their medicinal routine. According to Dr Vaish, the patients showed improvement within days.
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Can RIFE Kill COVID-19?
Jun 25, 2020
https://medium.com/@consultantphotographer/can-rife-kill-covid-19-48667d2800f7
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“Electrocuting” The AIDS Virus, A Safer-Yet Blood Supply
Dec 1992, pg 14
Despite official reassurances about the safety of the nation’s blood supply, concern lingers that small amounts of HIV-infected blood may be sneaking through, especially since current screening detects only antibodies to the virus, which can take months to form. But now a new electrical process for cleaning blood of viruses may solve the problem. At the Albert Einstein College of Medicine in New York City, Steven Kaali, M.D., has found that most of the AIDS viruses in a blood sample will lose their infectious capability after being zapped by a very low-level current.
Repeated exposure appears to leave blood virtually free of HIV, as well as Hepatitis- without harming blood cells. Kaali cautions that it will take years of testing before a virus-electrocuting device is ready for use. But, ultimately, he predicts, it could be used not just to purify blood, but to treat people with AIDS, by channeling their blood out of the body, exposing it to virus-killing current and then returning it.
– Sharon McAuliffe
https://www.educate-yourself.org/be/belongevity.shtml
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Dr. Rife’s True Original Frequencies
https://www.rifevideos.com/dr_rifes_true_original_frequencies.html
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Healing Frequency for COVID-19 (USA – NY) (Debated)
2020
https://www.rifetherapies.com/healing-frequency-covid-19-usa-ny/
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Can frequencies kill cancer cells?
2020
https://www.cancertutor.com/frequency-cancer-protocol/
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The frequency of the human body is?
Apr 24, 2008
https://www.physicsforums.com/threads/the-frequency-of-the-human-body-is.231156/
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The End of All Disease
Can Disease Be Cured Electronically?
9 March 2001
https://www.bibliotecapleyades.net/ciencia/ciencia_virus03.htm
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New Way to Kill Viruses: Shake Them to Death
February 05, 2008
https://www.livescience.com/7472-kill-viruses-shake-death.html
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Shock Wave Therapy for Tendonitis and Plantar Fasciitis
Evidence remains split as to whether it works
January 26, 2020
https://www.verywellhealth.com/shock-wave-therapy-for-plantar-fasciitis-2549421
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Sonic Therapy: The Future of Medicine? Part 1
https://www.doctoroz.com/videos/sonic-therapy-future-medicine-pt-1
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“Sonic blast” treatment
Jun 8, 2021
People with high blood pressure can get a “sonic blood” treatment to help relieve symptoms.
https://fox59.com/video/sonic-blast-treatment/6700188/
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Scientists research effects of infrasonic vibrations in humans
October 12, 2016
https://phys.org/news/2016-10-scientists-effects-infrasonic-vibrations-humans.html
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Subject: Analysis and Assessment of Gateway Process
9 June 1983
https://docs.google.com/viewerng/viewer?url=https://s3.documentcloud.org/documents/20601195/6-full-report.pdf
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Special Report: Future Science – The Wave Genome – Quantum Holography of DNA with Ulrike Granögger
August 11, 2018
https://home.solari.com/future-science-the-wave-genome-with-ulrike-granogger/
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Researchers Use Acoustic Levitation to Create a “Tractor Beam” of Sound
August 5, 2021
https://thedebrief.org/researchers-use-acoustic-levitation-to-create-a-tractor-beam-of-sound/
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Acoustic Tweezers Can Pick Objects Up With Sound Waves – Without Any Physical Contact
July 25, 2021
Hemispherical array of ultrasound transducers lifts objects off reflective surfaces.
https://scitechdaily.com/acoustic-tweezers-can-pick-objects-up-with-sound-waves-without-any-physical-contact/
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Saser – The Sonic Laser
Scientists from the University of Nottingham have produced a new type of acoustic laser device, called Saser. It is a sonic equivalent to the laser, capable of producing an intense beam of uniform sound waves on a nano scale. The new device could have significant and useful applications in a variety of fields, such as computing and imaging.
https://thefutureofthings.com/4081-saser-the-sonic-laser/
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New Sound Treatment Kills Cancer Without Chemo
May 13, 2020
https://www.powerofpositivity.com/sound-technology-kills-cancer-cells-without-chemo-radiation/
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Effects of pulsed electromagnetic fields on postmenopausal osteoporosis
June 30, 2017
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28665487/
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Quantum Materials Cloak Thermal Radiation
August 9, 2021
Thermal images of samples heated from 100 to 140 degrees C. The top row shows a material heating with increasing temperature. The bottom row shows the same material coated with ultrathin samarium nickel oxide films that cloak the thermal emission.
https://www.energy.gov/science/bes/articles/quantum-materials-cloak-thermal-radiation
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Electromagnetic radiation and quantum phenomena
2021
https://quizlet.com/558679303/electromagnetic-radiation-and-quantum-phenomena-flash-cards/
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The Quantum Theory of Radiation
A. Einstein
(Received March, 1917)
https://s3.cern.ch/inspire-prod-files-9/9e9ac9d1e25878322fe8876fdc8aa08d
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QUANTUM THEORY OF RADIATION
BY ENRICO FERMI
January 1932
https://fafnir.phyast.pitt.edu/py3765/FermiQED.pdf
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The quantum theory of the emission and absorption of radiation
01 March 1927
https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/10.1098/rspa.1927.0039
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Quantum Theory of Radiation Interactions
Fall 2012
https://ocw.mit.edu/courses/nuclear-engineering/22-51-quantum-theory-of-radiation-interactions-fall-2012/
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Comparative Study of Quantum Features of Radiation Generated by Nondegenerate Down-Conversion
26 January 2021
https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10773-021-04727-x
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Unlocking radiation-free quantum technology with graphene
July 8, 2021
Summary:
‘Heavy fermions’ are an appealing theoretical way to produce quantum entangled phenomena, but until recently have been observed mostly in dangerously radioactive compounds. Researchers have now shown it is possible to make heavy fermions in subtly modified graphene, which is much cheaper and safer.
https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2021/07/210708103614.htm
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Blackbody radiation and quantum mechanics
August 2021
https://physics.stackexchange.com/questions/660406/blackbody-radiation-and-quantum-mechanics
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COVID-19: Microwaves Used to Deactivate Coronavirus, Flu, Other Aerosolized Viruses
January 29, 2021
https://scitechdaily.com/covid-19-microwaves-used-to-deactivate-coronavirus-flu-other-aerosolized-viruses/
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Difference Between Electromagnetic Wave Theory and Planck’s Quantum Theory
October 2, 2018
https://www.differencebetween.com/difference-between-electromagnetic-wave-theory-and-plancks-quantum-theory/
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Electromagnetic radiation
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electromagnetic_radiation
In physics, electromagnetic radiation (EMR) consists of waves of the electromagnetic (EM) field, propagating through space, carrying electromagnetic radiant energy. It includes radio waves, microwaves, infrared, (visible) light, ultraviolet, X-rays, and gamma rays. All of these waves form part of the electromagnetic spectrum.
Electromagnetic waves can be imagined as a self-propagating transverse oscillating wave of electric and magnetic fields. This 3D animation shows a plane linearly polarized wave propagating from left to right. The electric and magnetic fields in such a wave are in-phase with each other, reaching minima and maxima together.
Representation of the electric field vector of a wave of circularly polarized electromagnetic radiation.
Analysis can predict individual differences in cardiovascular responses to altered gravity
New simulation identifies most salient factors that influence cardiovascular responses
August 12, 2021
https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2021/08/210812135913.htm
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Researchers discover bacteria thrive in zero-gravity low nutrient environment
November 8, 2013
https://phys.org/news/2013-11-bacteria-zero-gravity-nutrient-environment.html
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Did COVID-19 Come From Space? Scientist Clarifies Virus’ Origins
03/18/20
https://www.ibtimes.com/did-covid-19-come-space-scientist-clarifies-virus-origins-2941879
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Answer : Can you kill bacteria by freezing?
Dec. 2017
https://truediy.net/learn/answer-can-you-kill-bacteria-by-freezing/
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If bacteria band together, they can survive for years in space
August 26, 2020
Dead outer microbes protect inner ones in clumps attached to the International Space Station
https://www.sciencenews.org/article/space-bacteria-band-together-survival-years-astrobiology
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Bacteria Sent Into Space Behave in Mysterious Ways
06.24.2013
https://www.nasa.gov/centers/ames/news/2013/bacteria-sent-into-space.html
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What does space technology have to do with medicine?
June 08, 2017
https://photonicsforabetterworld.blogspot.com/2017/06/space-technology-and-medicine.html
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Supersolid Quantum Gases in a New Dimension
August 18, 2021
Two-dimensional supersolid quantum gas produced in the laboratory for the first time.
Quantum gases are very well suited for investigating the microscopic consequences of interactions in matter. Today, scientists can precisely control individual particles in extremely cooled gas clouds in the laboratory, revealing phenomena that cannot be observed in the everyday world. For example, the individual atoms in a Bose-Einstein condensate are completely delocalized. This means that the same atom exists at each point within the condensate at any given time.
Two years ago, the research group led by Francesca Ferlaino from the Department of Experimental Physics at the University of Innsbruck and the Institute of Quantum Optics and Quantum Information at the Austrian Academy of Sciences in Innsbruck managed for the first time to generate supersolid states in ultracold quantum gases of magnetic atoms. The magnetic interaction causes the atoms to self-organize into droplets and arrange themselves in a regular pattern.
“Normally, you would think that each atom would be found in a specific droplet, with no way to get between them,” says Matthew Norcia of Francesca Ferlaino’s team. “However, in the supersolid state, each particle is delocalized across all the droplets, existing simultaneously in each droplet. So basically, you have a system with a series of high-density regions (the droplets) that all share the same delocalized atoms.”
This bizarre formation enables effects such as frictionless flow despite the presence of spatial order (superfluidity).
New dimensions, new effects to explore
Until now, supersolid states in quantum gases have only ever been observed as a string of droplets (along one dimension). “In collaboration with theorists Luis Santos at Leibniz Universität Hannover and Russell Bisset in Innsbruck we have now extended this phenomenon to two dimensions, giving rise to systems with two or more rows of droplets,” explains Matthew Norcia. This is not only a quantitative improvement, but also crucially broadens the research perspectives.
“For example, in a two-dimensional supersolid system, one can study how vortices form in the hole between several adjacent droplets,” he says. “These vortices described in theory have not yet been demonstrated, but they represent an important consequence of superfluidity,” Francesca Ferlaino is already looking into the future. The experiment now reported in the journal Nature creates new opportunities to further investigate the fundamental physics of this fascinating state of matter.
New research field: Supersolids
Predicted 50 years ago, supersolidity with its surprising properties has been investigated extensively in superfluid helium. However, after decades of theoretical and experimental research, a clear proof of supersolidity in this system was still missing. Two years ago, research groups in Pisa, Stuttgart and Innsbruck independently succeeded for the first time in creating so-called supersolids from magnetic atoms in ultracold quantum gases. The basis for the new, growing research field of supersolids is the strong polarity of magnetic atoms, whose interaction characteristics enable the creation of this paradoxical quantum mechanical state of matter in the laboratory.
https://scitechdaily.com/supersolid-quantum-gases-in-a-new-dimension/
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Cancer and COVID-19: Trying and failing at cryotherapy
Jul 16, 2020
https://www.wvgazettemail.com/life/cancer-and-covid-19-trying-and-failing-at-cryotherapy/article_9795b4ed-ece0-5f06-afc8-8547a7956688.html
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‘Cryotherapy’ freezing treatment may heal injuries, slow signs of aging
March 10, 2015
https://www.foxnews.com/health/cryotherapy-freezing-treatment-may-heal-injuries-slow-signs-of-aging
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Cryotherapy for Skin Lesions
December 11, 2019
https://www.mskcc.org/cancer-care/patient-education/cryotherapy-skin-lesions
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Cryosurgery for Common Skin Conditions
May 15, 2004
https://www.aafp.org/afp/2004/0515/p2365.html
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Landstuhl Military Doctors Introduce Cryotherapy to Aid Patients with Allergies
25 May 2021
https://www.military.com/daily-news/2021/05/25/landstuhl-military-doctors-introduce-cryotherapy-aid-patients-allergies.html
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Hyperbaric oxygen therapy for COVID-19 patients with respiratory distress: treated cases versus propensity-matched controls
2020
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32931666/
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Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy (HBOT) as a Treatment for COVID-19 (COVID-19) Infection
2020
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DIY Hydrogen/Oxygen Generators From Grocery Store Items (HHO Fuel Cells & Split Cell Electrolysis)
Jul 1, 2021
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=d85OX6yEwE0
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Survivors’ Plasma Helps Blood Cancer Patients Battle COVID-19
June 18, 2021
https://www.usnews.com/news/health-news/articles/2021-06-18/survivors-plasma-helps-blood-cancer-patients-battle-covid-19
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We could soon have vaccines for cancer and HIV thanks to COVID-19 vaccine discovery: report
Apr 11, 2021
https://www.insider.com/vaccines-for-cancer-hiv-coming-thanks-to-covid-19-vaccine-2021-4
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Could an Israeli HIV drug stop COVID-19 in only a few days?
Code Pharma’s Codivir is getting ready to launch a Phase II study to find out.
SEPTEMBER 17, 2021
https://www.jpost.com/health-and-wellness/israeli-scientists-say-their-antiviral-drug-could-stop-covid-19-679437
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COVID-19 and HIV Are Not the Same. But They’re Similar in Many Ways That Matter.
April 9, 2020
https://www.thebody.com/article/covid-19-aids-not-same-but-similar-in-many-ways
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‘Long Hauler’ Study Shows Covid Can Kill Months After Infection
April 22, 2021
One of the largest studies of Covid-19 “long haulers” has proved what many doctors suspected: Not only are many patients suffering a raft of health problems six months after infection, they’re also at significantly greater risk of dying.
Survivors had a 59% increased risk of dying within six months after contracting the SARS-CoV-2 virus, researchers reported Thursday in the journal Nature. The excess mortality translates into about 8 extra deaths per 1,000 patients — worsening the pandemic’s hidden toll amid growing recognition that many patients require readmission, and some die, weeks after the viral infection abates.
“When we are looking at the acute phase, we’re only pretty much looking at the tip of the iceberg,” said Ziyad Al-Aly, chief of the research and development service at the St. Louis VA Medical Center in Missouri, who led the study. “We’re starting to see a little bit beneath that iceberg, and it’s really alarming.”
Al-Aly and his colleagues documented the cascade of debilitating effects that plague survivors months after diagnosis, from blood clots, stroke, diabetes and breathing difficulties to heart, liver and kidney damage, depression, anxiety and memory loss. They also found the risk of complications was far higher than with the flu…
https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2021-04-22/-long-hauler-study-shows-covid-can-kill-months-after-infection
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Study: COVID-19 Can Kill Months After Infection
April 23, 2021
https://www.webmd.com/lung/news/20210423/covid-study-deaths-months-after-infection
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COVID-19 can kill even months after recovery – new study
APRIL 27, 2021
Most deaths caused by long-term COVID-19 complications are not recorded as COVID-19 deaths, meaning the commonly used death toll is “only the tip of the iceberg.”
https://www.jpost.com/health-science/covid-19-can-kill-even-months-after-recovery-new-study-666445
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SARS-CoV-2 can cause sustained biochemical dysregulation that results in long-COVID
Sep 15 2021
https://www.news-medical.net/news/20210915/SARS-CoV-2-can-cause-sustained-biochemical-dysregulation-that-results-in-long-COVID.aspx
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Long COVID-19 symptoms found in 40% of acute coronavirus patients, Max group study reveals
Fatigue was found to be the most commonly reported symptom ( in 12.5 percent cases), followed by myalgia (9.3 percent)
July 09, 2021
https://www.firstpost.com/health/long-covid-19-symptoms-found-in-40-of-acute-coronavirus-patients-max-group-study-reveals-9792331.html
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7 Signs You’re a COVID Long Hauler, Says New Study
March 11, 2021
Signs of PASC include fatigue, chest pain, and many more symptoms.
https://www.eatthis.com/news-symptoms-covid-long-hauler-study/
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Uncertainty around the Long-Term Implications of COVID-19
2021 Oct 1
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8536991/
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Long COVID Rare for College Athletes; Prostate Cancer Treatment Shows No Benefit Vs COVID-19
Nov. 12, 2021
https://www.usnews.com/news/top-news/articles/2021-11-12/long-covid-rare-for-college-athletes-prostate-cancer-treatment-shows-no-benefit-vs-covid-19
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COVID-19 alters human genes, explaining mystery behind coronavirus ‘long haulers’
April 28, 2021
https://www.studyfinds.org/covid-alters-genes-long-haulers/
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Long-lasting COVID symptoms from lungs to limbs linger in coronavirus ‘long haulers’
Jul. 25, 2020
https://www.usatoday.com/in-depth/news/health/2020/07/25/covid-19-long-haulers-fight-months-lingering-symptoms/5420534002/
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‘Long COVID’ sufferers may have heart damage if battling shortness of breath a year later
Jan 2, 2022
https://fox4kc.com/news/long-covid-sufferers-may-have-heart-damage-if-battling-shortness-of-breath-a-year-later/
People with “long COVID” may have suffered heart damage if they are still struggling to breathe during exercise a year on, researchers warn. Medical scans show patients who experience breathlessness a year after leaving hospital are more likely to experience cardiovascular problems, even if they never have before.
There is increasing evidence that coronavirus and its long-lasting symptoms such as shortness of breath, also known as dyspnoea, could cause heart issues. Belgian scientists have confirmed that those long COVID symptoms could be linked to the toll the virus takes on people’s hearts.
New scanning techniques could help identify patients who are at risk of developing long COVID after being infected.
“The findings could help to explain why some patients with long COVID still experience breathlessness one year later and indicate that it might be linked to a decrease in heart performance,” says study author Dr. Maria-Luiza Luchian, of University Hospital Brussels in Belgium, in a statement.
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COVID-19 takes serious toll on heart health—a full year after recovery
Giant study shows striking rise in long-term heart and vessel disease
9 Feb 2022
https://www.science.org/content/article/covid-19-takes-serious-toll-heart-health-full-year-after-recovery
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Feature Article: Long-term Side Effects of COVID-19 Vaccine? What We Know.
Feb 04, 2021
https://www.chop.edu/news/long-term-side-effects-covid-19-vaccine
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How Do We Know the COVID-19 Vaccine Won’t Have Long-Term Side Effects?
2021
https://www.muhealth.org/our-stories/how-do-we-know-covid-19-vaccine-wont-have-long-term-side-effects
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Vaccine fears: Concerns about adverse events and long-term effects of covid-19 vaccines
June 26, 2021
https://www.arkansasonline.com/news/2021/jun/26/vaccine-fears-concerns-about-adverse-events-and-lo/
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‘Mild’ cases of coronavirus may have serious long-term and recurring effects
July 10, 2020
Young people are experiencing serious symptoms.
https://thehill.com/changing-america/well-being/prevention-cures/506752-mild-cases-of-coronavirus-may-not-be-as-mild-as
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Could mRNA COVID-19 vaccines be dangerous in the long-term?
NOVEMBER 17, 2020
‘There is a race to get the public vaccinated, so we are willing to take more risk.’
https://www.jpost.com/health-science/could-an-mrna-vaccine-be-dangerous-in-the-long-term-649253
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How COVID-19 Kills: The New Coronavirus Disease Can Take A Deadly Turn
February 14, 2020
https://www.npr.org/sections/goatsandsoda/2020/02/14/805289669/how-covid-19-kills-the-new-coronavirus-disease-can-take-a-deadly-turn
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Covid and the Vax are meant to kill long term, not short term
Aug 2021
https://radiopatriot.net/2021/08/01/covid-and-the-vax-are-meant-to-kill-long-term-not-short-term/
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Covid and the Vax are meant to kill long term, not short term
2021
https://archive.4plebs.org/pol/thread/332125809/
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One in eight recovered COVID patients die from illness complications within 5 months: UK study
January 18, 2021
https://nypost.com/2021/01/18/1-in-8-recovered-covid-19-patients-die-within-5-months-study/
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Lasting immunity found after recovery from COVID-19
January 26, 2021
https://www.nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-matters/lasting-immunity-found-after-recovery-covid-19
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After recovering from COVID-19, are you immune?
May 11, 2020
https://www.livescience.com/covid-19-immunity.html
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CDC Comes Clean: New Fatality Rate Is A Shocker!
September 28, 2020
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XxE2g8lby7o
The Centers for Disease Control have come out with a new estimate of the Covid infection fatality ratio and the numbers will shock you. No wonder the Florida governor has said “enough is enough” and decided to open his state up completely. We are told to trust the CDC, so why is the mainstream media ignoring this very important news? Is this still about a disease…or is it politics?
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The CDC is retracting new guidance that the coronavirus can float beyond 6 feet in poorly ventilated spaces
September 21st, 2020
https://www.businessinsider.com/cdc-acknowledges-coronavirus-can-travel-beyond-6-feet-in-air-2020-9
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CDC walks back guidance on aerosol spread of coronavirus
Sep 21, 2020
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CrU_tF77WMk
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CDC reverses stance, says coronavirus ‘does not spread easily’ on surfaces
May 20, 2020
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gn94RZdkz3Q
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Risk Of Surface Transmission Of Coronavirus Is Low, CDC Now Says | TODAY
Aug 27, 2020
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EX7f8vjyXV8
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SARS-CoV-2 spreads through cell-to-cell transmission, study finds
Dec 23 2021
https://www.news-medical.net/news/20211223/SARS-CoV-2-spreads-through-cell-to-cell-transmission-study-finds.aspx
The virus that causes COVID-19 has adopted some stealth moves to stay alive and kicking, and one secret to its success is hiding from the immune system by spreading through cell-to-cell transmission, a new study has found.
Cell culture experiments showed that SARS-CoV-2, which causes COVID-19, limits the release of viral particles that can be inactivated by antibodies, instead staying tucked within cell walls and spreading between cells.
“It’s basically an underground form of transmission,” said lead author Shan-Lu Liu, a virology professor in the Department of Veterinary Biosciences at The Ohio State University and an investigator in the university’s Center for Retrovirus Research.
“SARS-CoV-2 can spread efficiently from cell to cell because there are essentially no blockers from the host immunity. Target cells become donor cells, and it just becomes a wave of spread, as the virus may not get out of the cells.”
Liu and colleagues found other revealing details about SARS-CoV-2: The spike protein on its surface alone enables cell-to-cell transmission, and yet the virus’s primary receptor on target cells – to which the spike binds – is not a necessary part of the cell-to-cell transmission operation. Additionally, they found that neutralizing antibodies are less effective against the virus when it spreads through cells.
The research was published Wednesday (Dec. 22, 2021) in the journal Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.
A major point of this study was comparing SARS-CoV-2 to the coronavirus behind the 2003 SARS outbreak, known as SARS-CoV. The findings help explain why while the first outbreak led to much higher fatality rates and lasted only eight months, we’re about to surpass the two-year mark of the current pandemic, with a majority of cases being asymptomatic, Liu said.
The comparison showed that the SARS-CoV that caused SARS in 2003 is more efficient than SARS-CoV-2 at what is called cell-free transmission, when freely floating viral particles infect target cells by binding to a receptor on their surface – but also remain vulnerable to antibodies produced by previous infection and vaccines. SARS-CoV-2, on the other hand, is more efficient at cell-to-cell transmission – which makes it harder to neutralize with antibodies.
The viruses’ differing efficiencies were first demonstrated in experiments using pseudoviruses – a non-infectious viral core decorated with both kinds of coronavirus spike proteins on the surface.
“The spike protein is necessary and sufficient for both SARS-CoV-2 and SARS-CoV cell-to-cell transmission because the only difference in these pseudoviruses were the spike proteins,” said Liu, also a program director of the Viruses and Emerging Pathogens Program in Ohio State’s Infectious Diseases Institute.
Looking more deeply into those differences, the researchers found that SARS-CoV-2 is also more capable than SARS-CoV at initiating fusion with a target cell membrane, another key step in the viral entry process. And that stronger fusion action was associated with the virus’s enhanced cell-to-cell transmission.
Paradoxically, too much cell membrane fusion leads to cell death and can actually interfere with cell-to-cell transmission, Liu also found.
The team then turned to the role of the ACE2 receptor, a protein on cell surfaces that acts as the gateway for entry of the virus that causes COVID-19. The researchers found, unexpectedly, that cells with no or low levels of ACE2 on their surfaces can be penetrated by the virus, enabling robust cell-to-cell transmission.
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WHO walks back comments on asymptomatic transmission of coronavirus
Jun 9, 2020
https://www.axios.com/who-asymptomatic-coronavirus-69c56ce3-41e0-4ea7-ab2a-de866713b4cf.html
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CDC cuts COVID isolation period from 10 to 5 days, recommends shorter quarantine
Dec 27, 2021
https://ktla.com/news/nationworld/cdc-cuts-covid-isolation-period-from-10-to-5-days-recommends-shorter-quarantine/
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CUOMO: Every Coronavirus Projection Has ‘Been 100% Wrong At This Point’
April 11, 2020
New York Governor acknowledges deeply flawed projections by health experts
https://www.infowars.com/cuomo-every-coronavirus-projection-has-been-100-wrong-at-this-point/
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COVID-19 is evolving, ‘getting better’ at becoming an airborne virus
September 2021https://www.studyfinds.org/covid-19-evolving-airborne-virus/
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Why Covid-19 is more AND less deadly than we knew
Jun 4, 2020
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2qdd7kirwIk
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The WHO Knowingly Lied About China
Jun 6, 2020
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_zRBnmEqocg
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Coronavirus: How WHO Corruption Helped It Spread
Feb 22, 2020
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AwFTZawOc9k
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WHO Says Asymptomatic Spread Of Coronavirus Is Rare, Contradicting CDC | TODAY
Jun 9, 2020
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VP0OVIcldsw
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CHINA and the WHO Pseudoscience to fight CORONAVIRUS? – VisualPolitik EN
May 5, 2020
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1obfEwgOWUw
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The Coverup of the Century | New documentary on how the CCP covered up the coronavirus outbreak |NTD
Jun 28, 2020
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cav-OCuNmBI
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BOOM! Fauci Sweating Bullets! President Donald J. Trump
investigating His $3.7 Million Obama Era Grant to Wuhan Lab!!!
Obama AND Fauci need to be on TRIAL!!!
April 19, 2020
https://www.facebook.com/100017164360009/videos/632384240677049/
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China ‘morally on the hook for trillions of dollars’ if COVID-19 came from a lab
Jun 8, 2021
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=l8qFPPt03AY
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Fauci funded ‘bat-human interface’ research in China to avoid an outbreak in the US
Jun 7, 2021
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0c7vInnhSlY
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Smoking Gun Proof That The Covid Pandemic Is A Scam
Jun 25, 2021
https://banned.video/watch?id=60d61633d748ce29bae54d73
Documents reveal the U.S. government and Moderna teamed up to send material transfer agreements to top specialists just days before COVID-19 was leaked in Wuhan, China.
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CDC Takes Action to Prepare Against “G4” Swine Flu Viruses in China with Pandemic Potential
July 2, 2020
https://www.cdc.gov/flu/spotlights/2019-2020/cdc-prepare-swine-flu.html
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China’s New Swine Flu Has “Pandemic Potential”
Jul 4, 2020
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=p7Zmt9PDi1g
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Chinese virologist accuses Beijing of hiding details on coronavirus
Jul 10, 2020
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NUbrE1v4kuQ
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FOX 35 INVESTIGATES: Florida Department of Health says some labs have not reported negative COVID-19 results
7-14-2020
https://www.fox35orlando.com/news/fox-35-investigates-florida-department-of-health-says-some-labs-have-not-reported-negative-covid-19-results
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CDC no longer in charge of collecting data on ICU beds, hospitalizations
7-15-2020
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PLvfYSQDklI
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FOX 35 INVESTIGATES: Questions raised after fatal motorcycle crash listed as COVID-19 death
7-17-2020
https://www.fox35orlando.com/news/fox-35-investigates-questions-raised-after-fatal-motorcycle-crash-listed-as-covid-19-death
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Man Shot to Death Counted as COVID-19 Fatality
11 November, 2021
https://summit.news/2021/11/11/man-shot-to-death-counted-as-covid-19-fatality/
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They are now blaming all the deaths after vaccination on Post-Pandemic Stress Disorder (PPSD)
I’m serious. You cannot make this stuff up. Even if you tried.
Dec 3 2021
https://stevekirsch.substack.com/p/they-are-now-blaming-all-the-deaths
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Up to 300,000 people facing heart-related illnesses due to post-pandemic stress disorder, warn physicians
14 December 2021
https://www.standard.co.uk/news/health/post-pandemic-stress-disorder-heart-conditions-covid-london-physicians-b969436.html
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Seniors Dying After COVID Vaccine Labeled as Natural Causes
2/2/202
https://sambentleygraphics.weebly.com/blog/seniors-dying-after-covid-vaccine-labeled-as-natural-causes
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Alberta Government Caught Counting Vaccinated Deaths As ‘Unvaccinated’
Jan 24, 2022
https://www.christianitydaily.com/articles/14686/20220124/alberta-government-caught-counting-vaccinated-deaths-as-unvaccinated.htm
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Mysterious Covid-19 Outbreak On Ship After 35 Days At Sea Stumps Scientists
July 17, 2020
https://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/mysterious-covid19-outbreak-on-ship-after-35-days-at-sea-stumps-scientists/?fbclid=IwAR2lQc3duFhXcMUv0_hKTwd-5OzApcEPU6_Jl0P11mslh5M5h_kXOtBkX5I
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Fact check: Hospitals get paid more if patients listed as COVID-19, on ventilators
April 24, 2020
https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/factcheck/2020/04/24/fact-check-medicare-hospitals-paid-more-covid-19-patients-coronavirus/3000638001/
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Hospital Reimbursement for Uninsured COVID-19 Cases May Total $42B
April 08, 2020
https://revcycleintelligence.com/news/hospital-reimbursement-for-uninsured-covid-19-cases-may-total-42b
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In Error, Tricare Tells 600K Beneficiaries They’ve Had COVID-19
22 Jul 2020
https://www.military.com/daily-news/2020/07/22/error-tricare-tells-600k-beneficiaries-theyve-had-covid-19.html?ESRC=eb_200723.nl&fbclid=IwAR0W_srlDII6DxmvovsOX8sNMuoRWZ04u-yEne6dF4QNkFLYEh6FWhfF3TM
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Connecticut State Lab Finds 90 False Positives Out Of 144 Coronavirus Tests Administered In Mid-June
July 2020
https://truepundit.com/connecticut-state-lab-finds-90-false-positives-out-of-144-coronavirus-tests-administered-in-mid-june/
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Sunday’s False Positives Gave the NFL’s Gameday COVID-19 Policies a Trial Run
Aug 24, 2020
https://www.si.com/nfl/2020/08/24/covid-19-false-positives-trial-run-sam-darnold-joe-judge?li_source=LI&li_medium=m2m-rcw-sports-illustrated
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NFL will fine players, make teams forfeit if unvaccinated players cause outbreaks
July 2021
https://choiceclips.whatfinger.com/2021/07/24/nfl-will-fine-players-make-teams-forfeit-if-unvaccinated-players-cause-outbreaks/
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CDC Faces Backlash Over Controversial Change To Coronavirus Testing Guidance | NBC Nightly News
Aug 26, 2020
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JyLfJicA1eg
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Hospital patients ‘discharged to care homes despite testing positive for Covid-19’
16 Aug 2020
Nicola Sturgeon is facing questions over claims that some hospital patients who tested positive for coronavirus were then discharged into care homes. At least five health boards have been accused of knowingly transferring patients with Covid-19 into care homes in March, around the time lockdown was first imposed in Scotland.
https://metro.co.uk/2020/08/16/five-health-boards-accused-transferring-covid-19-patients-care-homes-13136496/
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Coronavirus in Scotland: Dozens moved to care homes after Covid diagnosis
16 August 2020
https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-scotland-53797462
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About ’70 to 80pc’ of Victorian healthcare workers with COVID-19 caught it at work, Government reveals
8-25-2020
https://www.abc.net.au/news/2020-08-25/health-workers-covid-coronavirus-case-numbers-victoria/12582468
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Coronavirus nursing home deaths will be seen as ‘national scandal’, TD claims
26 MAY 2020
https://www.irishmirror.ie/news/irish-news/coronavirus-ireland-news-update-nursinghomes-22088600
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Gov. Cuomo’s controversial order requiring nursing homes to admit COVID-19 patients was reportedly removed from New York’s health website
5/27/2020
https://www.msn.com/en-us/health/medical/gov-cuomos-controversial-order-requiring-nursing-homes-to-admit-covid-19-patients-was-reportedly-removed-from-new-yorks-health-website/ar-BB14GiNL
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Pennsylvania’s Nursing Home COVID-19 Scandal
May 29, 2020
“Misgendering” proves to be more “insulting” than the callous decisions that hugely increased deaths in nursing homes.
Americans are well aware of the nursing home scandal in New York, where Gov. Andrew Cuomo allowed overflow COVID-19 patients to be sent to the worst possible place. Naturally, this had the effect of seeding outbreaks in New York nursing homes, many of which were subsequently ravaged. And when the angry Cuomo is asked about it, he does what he does best — he lashes out at whoever asks the question.
Well, it looks like New York may not be alone. The same thing might have happened next door in Pennsylvania, and perhaps worse. Pennsylvania has over 70,000 cases of COVID-19, with roughly 5,400 deaths. Of these fatalities, a staggering 70 percent (my last count) are in nursing homes. In some counties, the percentages are even higher.
As a Pennsylvania resident, I’ve tracked the data daily. I noticed the disproportionate number of deaths in nursing homes weeks ago. In mid-April, I emailed with an attorney friend and an academic sociologist with a background in long-term care facilities and data analysis. What initially caught my attention was the suddenly high COVID-19 fatality rate in Allegheny County (the county for Pittsburgh). It had shot above 7 percent. This was alarming and strange. It didn’t make sense from data I was seeing on COVID-19 morbidity from the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (UPMC) in particular. UPMC is one of the nation’s largest health-care providers and a cutting-edge research facility, which as early as April 1 held a press conference announcing the possibility that researchers there had a vaccine for COVID-19. UPMC’s overall handling of the virus (which I follow closely as a former UPMC researcher myself) was impressive and inspired confidence. UPMC facilities plainly did not have a COVID-19 fatality rate akin to what the Pennsylvania Department of Health was reporting for Allegheny and other counties.
So, where were the deaths coming from? The answer was clear when looking deeper into data at the website of the Pennsylvania Department of Health: nursing homes. When I examined the striking number of deaths in Allegheny County’s nursing homes and personal care facilities, separating those from the overall numbers, it made a big difference. The fatality rate for COVID-19 cases in Allegheny County outside of those facilities was actually barely 3 percent. And this was true for many counties statewide.
Well, that was mid-April, thousands of deaths ago. It has only gotten worse. I had assumed that the nursing home numbers were a regrettable reflection of a vicious virus unavoidably creeping into these facilities. But unfortunately, the disproportionate presence of the virus may have been caused by Pennsylvania officials sending COVID-19 patients into these facilities.
That possibility is getting major attention across the state. A devastating investigative piece was published in the Bucks County Courier Times (jointly done with reporters from USA Today), a county with a huge number of COVID-19 cases (the vast majority of Pennsylvania’s cases are in eastern counties close to New York and New Jersey). Titled, “States ordered nursing homes to take COVID-19 residents — Thousands Died,” it documents the disproportionate deaths in Pennsylvania nursing homes:
https://spectator.org/pennsylvanias-nursing-home-covid-19-scandal-rachel-levine/
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Telegraph journalist says coronavirus ‘cull’ of elderly could benefit economy
11 Mar 2020
https://metro.co.uk/2020/03/11/telegraph-journalist-says-coronavirus-cull-elderly-benefit-economy-12383907/
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MPs hear why Hong Kong had no Covid-19 care home deaths
May 19, 2020
Prof Terry Lum tells of strict infection control measures that were ignored in the UK
https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/may/19/mps-hear-why-hong-kong-had-no-covid-19-care-home-deaths
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Sweden admits failure to protect elderly in care homes
10/5/2020
https://www.msn.com/en-sg/news/world/sweden-admits-failure-to-protect-elderly-in-care-homes/ar-BB13SjJj
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Number of Coronavirus (COVID-19) deaths in Sweden in 2020, by age groups
https://preview.redd.it/sqi5fmekh3i51.png?width=2224&format=png&auto=webp&s=07806da957fe72a816880c374378ffb25c167af6
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Many Will Die For The Covid Lie
Share this exclusive report to join the fight to save America
Jon Bowne | Infowars.com – September 14, 2020
https://www.infowars.com/many-will-die-for-the-covid-lie/
Many will suffer and die so that Governor Cuomo’s book coddles his fragile ego and hides the genocide he waged on thousands of elderly New Yorkers.
Fauci will get his payoff and Bill Gates will achieve his eugenicist victory as the mindless hordes are programmed by a social media-induced imprisonment following the guidelines of the 2010 Rockefeller Lockstep scenario published in “Scenarios for the Future of Technology and International Development.”
The CDC had to admit that only 6%, or less than 10,000 deaths, had been directly attributed to COVID-19 from the beginning, revealing a plandemic so massive that we can hardly wrap our minds around it.
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New CDC report shows 94% of COVID-19 deaths in US had contributing conditions
Aug 30, 2020
ATLANTA, Ga. (WJW) — The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention released new data last week that depicts how many Americans who have died from COVID-19 also had other contributing conditions.
According to the report, only 6% of deaths have COVID-19 as the only cause mentioned, revealing that 94% of patients who died from coronavirus also had other “health conditions and contributing causes.”
https://fox8.com/news/coronavirus/new-cdc-report-shows-94-of-covid-19-deaths-in-us-had-underlying-medical-conditions/
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CDC: COVID-19 “Only Cause Mentioned” in 6 Percent of Total Coronavirus Deaths
August 31, 2020
Other 94 percent had serious illnesses.
https://www.infowars.com/cdc-covid-19-only-cause-mentioned-in-6-per-cent-of-total-coronavirus-deaths/
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The WHO Estimated COVID-19 Mortality at 3.4%. That Doesn’t Tell the Whole Story
March 9, 2020
https://time.com/5798168/coronavirus-mortality-rate/
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Trump picks up where Fox News left off, with new coronavirus death-toll conspiracy theory
August 31, 2020
https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2020/08/31/trump-picks-up-where-fox-news-left-off-with-new-coronavirus-death-toll-conspiracy-theory/
Trump retweeted a QAnon supporter who cited a nugget on the website of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. The CDC says, “For 6% of the deaths, COVID-19 was the only cause mentioned,” which the post suggested meant only 6 percent of the reported coronavirus deaths were actually due to the virus. Trump also retweeted a campaign aide, Jenna Ellis, who linked to a post on the same topic from the conspiracy-theory website Gateway Pundit. Both of Trump’s retweets were later deleted.
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{Many people now question who is telling the truth about COVID-19 death statistics}.
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Twitter removes QAnon theory about COVID-19 stats retweeted by Trump
August 31, 2020
https://nypost.com/2020/08/31/twitter-removes-qanon-lie-about-covid-19-stats-retweeted-by-trump/
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Twitter Removes Claim About CDC And Covid-19 Coronavirus Deaths That Trump Retweeted
Aug 31, 2020
https://www.forbes.com/sites/brucelee/2020/08/31/twitter-removes-claim-about-cdc-and-covid-19-coronavirus-deaths-that-trump-retweeted/#78ab4e7f3178
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Politico: The COVID decline is real — and could be spectacular for Trump
August 31, 2020
https://hotair.com/archives/ed-morrissey/2020/08/31/politico-covid-decline-real-spectacular-trump/
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Leaked Emails PROVE Democrats Covered Up Low Covid Numbers Which Could have Undermined Lockdown
Sep 17, 2020
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IQxh6nleFVY
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“Everyone Involved Should Face Jail Time”: Trump Jr. Slams Nashville Officials For Concealing Low COVID-19 Numbers
09/17/2020
https://www.zerohedge.com/medical/nashville-authorities-concealed-evidence-hardly-any-covid-19-cases-contracted-bars-and
Donald Trump Jr. has weighed in over Nashville officials concealing the low number of COVID-19 cases in bars and restaurants.
In a Thursday tweet, the president’s son said “The Dem Mayor of Nashville KNOWINGLY LIED ABOUT COVID DATA to justify shutting down bars & restaurants, killing countless jobs & small businesses in the process,” adding “Everyone involved should face jail time. How many other Dem run cities is this happening in?”
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Trump Fights CDC Boss On Mask, Politicizes Covid-19 Vaccine | The 11th Hour | MSNBC
Sep 16, 2020
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=obS4JCUYeqQ
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The Untold Truth Behind Face Masks and Covid-19
Aug 19, 2020
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MVcdyPf5mKQ
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Study connects hyperglycemia and prolonged cloth mask use to COVID-19-associated mucormycosis risk
Aug 1 2021
https://www.news-medical.net/news/20210801/Study-connects-hyperglycemia-and-prolonged-cloth-mask-use-to-COVID-19-associated-mucormycosis-risk.aspx
A new study conducted in India identifies the role of high blood sugar levels in predisposing patients to mucormycosis infection. The study, which is available on the preprint server medRxiv*, also provides guidance on how to mitigate the risk of this fungal infection.
What is mucormycosis?
Mucormycosis is a sporadic fungal disease caused by angio-invasive fungi of the order Mucorales and almost exclusively occurs opportunistically in immunocompromised patients. This disease swiftly causes rhino-orbital-cerebral tissue destruction and death that often extends to the lungs, skin, digestive tract, or even systemic circulation.
The incidence of mucormycosis has recently surged to more than double its normal rate because of its prevalence among patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in India. This suggests that COVID-19 is a risk factor for mucormycosis, either as a result of the weakened immune system or an indirect result of the therapies, such as corticosteroids, that have been used in the management of COVID-19.
Not only is mucormycosis itself life-threatening, but the high cost of treatment mandates that rigorous efforts be made to prevent it.
Background
India has had high rates of mucormycosis, even before the COVID-19 pandemic, that are about 70 times the global prevalence. This increased incidence of mucormycosis could be because of the high humidity and ambient temperatures in this nation, as well as the prevalence of diabetes. Rural areas in India have often been particularly vulnerable to mucormycosis.
Previous studies indicate that males, typically in their forties and fifties, are more likely to be affected than females by mucormycosis. Recently, the onset of mucormycosis has occurred about 3 weeks after the beginning of COVID-19 symptoms, with the nose and orbital cavities typically affected first.
Most of the COVID-19 patients with mucormycosis have reported poor control of their blood sugar, were on systemic corticosteroid therapy or had diabetes. These factors were absent in only one patient in the current study, differing from earlier reports where a minority of cases, up to 33% in some reports, lacked any of these risk factors.
Interaction of risk factors
Fungal sporangiospores and hyphae are typically destroyed by the neutrophils and macrophages of the innate immune system. The activity of these immune cells subsequently triggers an adaptive immune response, which is highlighted by Th-17 cell activation and stronger neutrophil activity. Within the nasopharynx, neutrophils are prematurely activated with relatively low numbers of T-, B- and natural killer (NK) lymphocytes.
This abnormal pattern is clearly observable during week 2 of the COVID-19 infection, perhaps accounting for the peak in mucormycosis cases during this period following COVID-19 onset. In addition, the invasive nature of the fungi may be exacerbated by the endothelial cell abnormalities and vascular injury associated with this viral infection.
Hyperglycemia is an inhibitor of neutrophil activity and chemotaxis, macrophage phagocytosis, and NK cell degranulation. This condition also upregulates glucose-regulated protein (GRP78) expression on the surfaces of cells, which is an invasion factor for Mucorales. The highest risk of mucormycosis has been among individuals with blood glucose exceeding 400 mg/dL.
The prolonged use of corticosteroids also increases the risk of mucormycosis, as these drugs suppress macrophage and neutrophil activity and promote hyperglycemia. Thus, postprandial blood sugar measurement is essential for glucose control during steroid therapy, unless it is used short-term, especially in those with higher HbA1C levels before the commencement of therapy.
Mucormycosis associated with COVID-19 is almost eight times more common among patients on steroid therapy. This should not prevent the appropriate use of steroids in severe COVID-19, where they have been shown to save lives; however, it should serve as a warning against their use in mild cases of COVID-19.
Zinc is an essential micronutrient that is safe and inexpensive as a supplement. It is key to the proper functioning of the immune system, reduces pro-inflammatory cytokine secretion, prevents undue lymphocytopenia, and mitigates airway inflammation in COVID-19. The use of zinc has been linked to reduced mucormycosis risk among COVID-19 patients.
The severity of COVID-19 vs mucormycosis risk
While over one in three COVID-19 patients with mucormycosis had a history of severe COVID-19 in the current study, previous studies have reported severe COVID-19 in up to 75% of patients with coronavirus disease-associated mucormycosis (CAM). This discordance will need to be further investigated by prospective studies in order to eliminate survivorship and selection biases.
However, ferritin levels are high in severe COVID-19, including in mucormycosis cases. This is a significant observation, as the Rhizopus species depend on iron for their pathogenesis and growth.
Other risk factors
The use of both surgical and/or cloth masks for extended periods have been linked with higher mucormycosis incidence, as Rhizopus tolerates high temperatures and moisture.
Mask use for one hour raises the skin temperature around the mouth, while respiratory tract infections are more common with cloth mask use as compared to no masks or other types of masks. This risk could be related to ineffective cleaning of masks, inappropriate reuse of masks, or simply because they hold moisture.
On the other hand, mask use may be a proxy for increased exposure to spore-containing dust or soil. These preliminary findings need to be further explored.
Repeated nasopharyngeal swab testing has been linked to a higher risk of mucormycosis, which may be analogous to the skin mucormycosis seen at sites of local trauma. Steam inhalation showed no such association.
What are the implications?
This is the first sizable study comparing cases and controls to identify risk factors for COVID-19-associated mucormycosis. Notably, the controls in this study were taken from a single center, which may have influenced the results, as cases are often treated with different protocols at different centers. The retrospective nature of the study may have also influenced the findings due to missing data.
Overall, the authors found that CAM is strongly associated with diabetes, poor glycemic control, and systemic steroid use. The need for oxygen supplementation or hospitalization for COVID-19 was not found to increase the risk.
Cloth mask use for prolonged periods and repeated nasopharyngeal swab testing were both found to be risk factors for the fungal infection in this study for the first time. In contrast, N95 masks were protective against CAM.
If confirmed by further research, appropriate modifying recommendations should be issued to reduce the incidence of this potentially deadly complication of COVID-19.
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A Group Of Parents Sent Their Kids’ Face Masks to A Lab for Analysis. Here’s What They Found
Jun 15, 2021
Gainesville, FL (June 16, 2021) – A group of parents in Gainesville, FL, concerned about potential harms from masks, submitted six face masks to a lab for analysis. The resulting report found that five masks were contaminated with bacteria, parasites, and fungi, including three with dangerous pathogenic and pneumonia-causing bacteria. No viruses were detected on the masks, although the test is capable of detecting viruses.
The analysis detected the following 11 alarmingly dangerous pathogens on the masks:
• Streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumonia)
• Mycobacterium tuberculosis (tuberculosis)
• Neisseria meningitidis (meningitis, sepsis)
• Acanthamoeba polyphaga (keratitis and granulomatous amebic encephalitis)
• Acinetobacter baumanni (pneumonia, blood stream infections, meningitis, UTIs— resistant to antibiotics)
• Escherichia coli (food poisoning)
• Borrelia burgdorferi (causes Lyme disease)
• Corynebacterium diphtheriae (diphtheria)
• Legionella pneumophila (Legionnaires’ disease)
• Staphylococcus pyogenes serotype M3 (severe infections—high morbidity rates)
• Staphylococcus aureus (meningitis, sepsis)
Half of the masks were contaminated with one or more strains of pneumonia-causing bacteria. One-third were contaminated with one or more strains of meningitis-causing bacteria. One-third were contaminated with dangerous, antibiotic-resistant bacterial pathogens. In addition, less dangerous pathogens were identified, including pathogens that can cause fever, ulcers, acne, yeast infections, strep throat, periodontal disease, Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever, and more.
The face masks studied were new or freshly-laundered before wearing and had been worn for 5 to 8 hours, most during in-person schooling by children aged 6 through 11. One was worn by an adult. A t-shirt worn by one of the children at school and unworn masks were tested as controls. No pathogens were found on the controls. Proteins found on the t-shirt, for example, are not pathogenic to humans and are commonly found in hair, skin, and soil.
A parent who participated in the study, Ms. Amanda Donoho, commented that this small sample points to a need for more research: “We need to know what we are putting on the faces of our children each day. Masks provide a warm, moist environment for bacteria to grow.”
These local parents contracted with the lab because they were concerned about the potential of contaminants on masks that their children were forced to wear all day at school, taking them on and off, setting them on various surfaces, wearing them in the bathroom, etc. This prompted them to send the masks to the University of Florida’s Mass Spectrometry Research and Education Center for analysis.
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How to Prevent and Treat Face Mascne
09.03.2021
Just in case you needed more to worry about, mask-related acne is also breaking out nationwide. Here’s how to get it under control.
https://www.wired.com/story/mascne-causes-and-treatments/#intcid=_exp4_control_MAB_wired_e90b75e0-eac8-465f-bc37-39eec3f08516_entity-topic-similarity-v2-reranked-by-vidi
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Literal Mask Expert Opens a Can on School Board
August 20, 2021
https://rumble.com/vlfp37-literal-mask-expert-opens-a-can-on-school-board.html
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Major Airlines Are Now Banning This One Type of Mask
September 2, 2021
You may not be allowed on your next flight if you’re wearing this.
Some major airlines have banned cloth masks on planes.
https://bestlifeonline.com/airlines-banning-cloth-masks-news/
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Danish Study Raises Questions on Efficacy of Mask Use Against Covid-19
November 21, 2020
https://www.algora.com/Algora_blog/2020/11/21/danish-study-raises-questions-on-efficacy-of-mask-use-against-covid-19
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President Donald Trump Blames Blue States For Coronavirus Death Toll | Morning Joe | MSNBC
Sep 17, 2020
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HJhziLeieKo
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Trump: Covid-19 Deaths Are Lower If You Ignore The ‘Blue States’ | The 11th Hour | MSNBC
Sep 16, 2020
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Wo7FdzdZblY
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Turkish scientists and physicians face criminal investigations after criticizing COVID-19 policies
Sep. 16, 2020
https://www.sciencemag.org/news/2020/09/turkish-scientists-and-physicians-face-criminal-investigations-after-criticizing-covid
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Pakistan puzzles health experts as virus cases drop
September 02, 2020
https://gulfnews.com/world/asia/pakistan/pakistan-puzzles-health-experts-as-virus-cases-drop-1.1599017967568
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Why Isn’t Pakistan’s COVID-19 Death Rate Falling as Quickly as Infections?
June 21, 2021
The fatality rate trails behind infections, so Pakistan’s morbidity rates will take awhile to fall.
https://thediplomat.com/2021/06/why-isnt-pakistans-covid-19-death-rate-falling-as-quickly-as-infections/
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Pakistan records under 2% COVID-19 positivity rate for second time in last week
Jun 26 2021
https://www.geo.tv/latest/357019-pakistan-records-covid-19-positivity-rate-under-2-for-second-time-in-last-week
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Pakistan produces Chinese Covid-19 vaccine as PakVac
June 05 2021
https://www.gulf-times.com/story/693216/Pakistan-produces-Chinese-Covid-19-vaccine-as-PakV
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The Sinovac COVID-19 vaccine: What you need to know
June 2, 2021
Who is the vaccine not recommended for?
Individuals with a history of anaphylaxis to any component of the vaccine should not take it.
Persons with acute PCR-confirmed COVID-19 should not be vaccinated until after they have recovered from acute illness and the criteria for ending isolation have been met.
Anyone with a body temperature over 38.5°C should postpone vaccination until they no longer have a fever.
https://www.who.int/news-room/feature-stories/detail/the-sinovac-covid-19-vaccine-what-you-need-to-know
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Pakistan: China to gift half million doses of Sinopharm vaccine
January 21, 2021
https://www.reuters.com/article/us-pakistan-coronavirus-vaccine-idUSKBN29Q1L6
ISLAMABAD (Reuters) – Pakistan’s Foreign Minister Shah Mehmood Qureshi said on Thursday that China has agreed to provide half a million doses of the Chinese Sinopharm COVID-19 free of cost to Pakistan by January 31.
“They have said send your aircraft and airlift this vaccine immediately. So this is a happy bit of news for us, and we will hopefully be successful in protecting ourselves using this vaccine,” Qureshi said at a press conference in Islamabad.
Pakistani regulators approved the Sinopharm vaccine for emergency use on Monday, two days after AstraZeneca’s vaccine developed with Oxford University was also approved.
“I thanked them and also told them we need more than this, and in the future we will need 1.1 million doses, and they reassured us and said by the end of February we plan to meet this requirement for you as well,” Qureshi added…
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Pakistan records lowest COVID-19 deaths in 5 months
July 05, 2021
https://www.yenisafak.com/en/world/pakistan-records-lowest-covid-19-deaths-in-5-months-3575808
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Pakistan to receive 4mn doses of Chinese vaccines in next four days: sources
July 4, 2021
https://www.thenews.com.pk/latest/859329-pakistan-to-receive-4mn-doses-of-chinese-vaccines-in-next-four-days
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China-Pakistan Relations
July 6, 2010
As the United States and India move toward cementing their warmest relationship ever, India’s rival, Pakistan, is broadening its ties with its own powerful ally: China.
https://www.cfr.org/backgrounder/china-pakistan-relations
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As Covid-19 runs riot across the world, China controls the pandemic
Nov. 7, 2020
“They have done an amazing job of controlling the virus,” said Ali Mokdad, a professor of global health at the University of Washington.
https://www.nbcnews.com/news/world/covid-19-runs-riot-across-world-china-controls-pandemic-n1246587
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China vaccine efficacy: Some countries using Sinovac and Sinopharm are still seeing Covid-19 cases
July 2021
Milwaukee Bucks’ Khris Middleton gets the ‘Mean Tweets’ treatment on…
Biden seeks Xi’s help on North Korea nukes, China asks US to hear Kim out
In Mongolia, hospitals are overwhelmed. In the tiny archipelago of Seychelles, more than 100 new Covid-19 cases are being reported each day. And in Chile, a nationwide lockdown was lifted this week — but the country is still reporting thousands of daily cases…
https://www.msn.com/en-us/health/medical/china-vaccine-efficacy-some-countries-using-sinovac-and-sinopharm-are-still-seeing-covid-19-cases/ar-AALIFcT
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The Russians & Chinese are touting their vaccines. Should we trust them?
02/22/2021
https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/2021/02/22/russians-chinese-are-touting-their-vaccines-should-we-trust-them/
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Chinese Vaccines Living Up to ‘Made-in-China’ Reputation
April 26, 2021
https://www.visiontimes.com/2021/04/26/chinese-vaccines-living-up-to-made-in-china-reputation.html
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China comes out of COVID-19 ‘absolutely laughing’
September 25, 2020
An Aussie journalist who fled China says the difference between what you hear about COVID-19 there compared to elsewhere is unfathomable.
https://www.news.com.au/world/coronavirus/china-comes-out-of-covid19-absolutely-laughing/news-story/e290b19533817fd277a16f8ad9be12fb
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Top Chinese official admits country’s COVID-19 vaccines have low effectiveness
April 11, 2021
https://www.ctvnews.ca/health/coronavirus/top-chinese-official-admits-country-s-covid-19-vaccines-have-low-effectiveness-1.5382903
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Chinese vaccines’ effectiveness low: Report
April 11, 2021
Chinese vaccines “don’t have very high protection rates,” said the director of the China Centers for Disease Control, Gao Fu, at a conference Saturday in the southwestern city of Chengdu.
https://indianexpress.com/article/world/chinese-vaccines-effectiveness-low-report-7268868/
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Death rates soar in Southeast Asia as virus wave spreads
July 22, 2021
https://www.egyptindependent.com/death-rates-soar-in-southeast-asia-as-virus-wave-spreads/
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An outbreak of the Delta variant tests China’s zero-tolerance approach
30 Jul 2021
https://bdnews24.com/coronavirus-pandemic/2021/07/30/an-outbreak-of-the-delta-variant-tests-chinas-zero-tolerance-approach
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Are Chinese COVID-19 shots effective against the Delta variant?
29 Jun 2021
https://bdnews24.com/coronavirus-pandemic/2021/06/29/are-chinese-covid-19-shots-effective-against-the-delta-variant
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Dozens of countries testing Chinese-made Covid-19 vaccines in hopes to be first to receive limited doses
September 30, 2020
Peru, Argentina, Brazil, Bahrain, United Arab Emirates, Egypt, Pakistan, Turkey, Morocco, Saudi Arabia, Bangladesh, Indonesia and Russia, are among more than a dozen countries helping to test Chinese-made experimental Covid-19 vaccines undergoing final phase trials.
So far, thousands of people have been injected with experimental vaccines made by China’s three front-running vaccine makers — or soon will be.
The leading Chinese companies – CanSino, Sinovac and Sinopharm – together have four candidates in phase 3 trials.
This is according to company and government statements and media reports as assessed by South China Morning Post…
https://mothership.sg/2020/09/china-covid-19-vaccines-other-countries-test/
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Buying Chinese vaccines easier said than done, officials and experts say
May 28, 2021
Though some provisions have been eased, the non-disclosure agreement condition proposed by Sinopharm could pose a challenge to procurement.
https://kathmandupost.com/national/2021/05/28/buying-chinese-vaccines-easier-said-than-done-officials-and-experts-say
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Report: China Plans BioNTech Booster for Its Population
July 16, 2021
The report from Caixin comes as the efficacy of homegrown vaccines from Sinopharm and Sinovac continue to be questioned.
https://thediplomat.com/2021/07/report-china-plans-biontech-booster-for-its-population/
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China’s Sinovac Vaccine Under Scrutiny As Covid Soars In Highly Vaccinated Countries
Jun 17, 2021
https://www.forbes.com/sites/roberthart/2021/06/17/chinas-sinovac-vaccine-under-scrutiny-as-covid-soars-in-highly-vaccinated-countries/?sh=51de6b1a1444
Concerns over the effectiveness of China’s Sinovac vaccine continue to grow—Indonesia reported hundreds of outbreaks among medical professionals who took the vaccine and hard-hit Costa Rica declined to use it for fear it won’t work—the latest stumbling block for China’s global vaccination drive as heavily vaccinated countries deploying its two flagship vaccines face some of the world’s worst outbreaks.
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China’s Vaccine Propaganda: Maligning the US, Bribing the World
June 8, 2021
Their vaccines come with strings attached
https://spectator.org/vaccine-chinese-media-propaganda/
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He got a coronavirus vaccine in China but had to keep it secret. Why?
2020-10-29
https://www.latimes.com/world-nation/story/2020-10-29/china-coronavirus-covid-19-vaccine-secret
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China to only allow foreign visitors who have had Chinese-made vaccine
March 17, 2021
Move raises questions as China’s vaccines not approved in many countries to which it is opening travel
https://www.theguardian.com/world/2021/mar/17/china-to-allow-foreign-visitors-who-have-had-chinese-made-vaccine
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Report: China Considering Foreign Booster Shot to Improve Efficacy of Its Vaccines
July 21, 2021
https://www.voanews.com/covid-19-pandemic/report-china-considering-foreign-booster-shot-improve-efficacy-its-vaccines
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China’s successful control of COVID-19
October 08, 2020
https://www.thelancet.com/journals/laninf/article/PIIS1473-3099(20)30800-8/fulltext
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COVID-19 pandemic in Laos
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Laos
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How Laos escaped coronavirus community transmission and deaths — until now
May 2021
https://www.abc.net.au/news/2021-05-23/laos-recorded-its-first-covid-death-this-month/100150532
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Opinions are dangerous in communist Laos
September 3, 2020
Criticism of the state or its officials can bring long jail sentences in the impoverished nation
https://www.ucanews.com/news/opinions-are-dangerous-in-communist-laos/89389#
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Laos records first Covid-19 related death over a year into the pandemic
May 9, 2021
https://www.cnn.com/2021/05/09/asia/laos-covid-19-death-intl/index.html
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North Korea says country remains coronavirus free, despite sharing borders with Asia’s hardest-hit nations
Apr 2020
https://www.abc.net.au/news/2020-04-12/north-korea-coronavirus-kim-jong-un-pandemic/12143268
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WHO ‘Not Aware’ of North Korea COVID-19 ‘Great Crisis,’ China Offers Help
July 2021
The World Health Organization is so far unaware of what North Korean Supreme Leader Kim Jong Un described as a major mishap that has potentially compromised his nation’s fight to keep COVID-19 outside its heavily guarded borders.
“WHO is not aware of any report regarding a grave incident on a lapse in anti-epidemic measures, other than those being shared by the media,” a WHO spokesperson told Newsweek.
“Based on the latest COVID-19 update from the government to WHO (as of 24 June), there are still no COVID-19 cases reported in DPR Korea,” the spokesperson added, using an acronym referring to North Korea’s official name, the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea.
http://www.msn.com/en-xl/asia/asia-top-stories/who-not-aware-of-north-korea-covid-19-great-crisis-china-offers-help/ar-AALE2Tt
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North Korea Shows No Vaccine Urgency, Despite New Virus Woes
July 03, 2021
https://www.voanews.com/covid-19-pandemic/north-korea-shows-no-vaccine-urgency-despite-new-virus-woes
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North Korea-linked hackers targeted J&J, Novavax in hunt for COVID research
December 2, 2020
https://www.reuters.com/article/us-health-coronavirus-north-korea-cyber-idUSKBN28C1UE
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J&J plans to split into two companies, separating consumer products and pharmaceutical businesses
Nov 12 2021
https://www.cnbc.com/2021/11/12/jj-shares-jump-after-ceo-says-health-giant-plans-to-break-up-in-wsj-report.html
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Hospital pressures grow in Nepal as Covid infections soar
06/05/2021
Footage from Nepal highlights the growing demand on hospitals across the country, as a spike in Covid-19 infections, said to be in the region of 230 cases per one million people.
https://www.msn.com/en-gb/health/diet/hospital-pressures-grow-in-nepal-as-covid-infections-soar/vi-BB1gqJLv
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Daily reported infections continue to soar in Nepal, 1667 cases reported Tuesday
Apr 20, 2021
Daily reported Covid-19 cases in Nepal crossed the 1000 cases mark yet again on Tuesday with 1,667 fresh infections reported from across the country.
With this, the total countrywide infection count has now advanced to 287,567.
Of the newly infected, 626 are females and 1,041 are males.
Meanwhile, antigen tests confirmed 69 positive cases in the past 24 hours. As such, total infections from both the RT-PCR and antigen tests added up to 1,736 today.
Of the total cases that surfaced today, Kathmandu district holds the highest number of new infections — 550 cases.
https://thehimalayantimes.com/nepal/nepals-covid-cases-cross-1000-mark-once-again
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Covid 19 Coronavirus: Nepal faces nightmare as infections soar and medical supplies run out
10 May, 2021
https://www.nzherald.co.nz/world/covid-19-coronavirus-nepal-faces-nightmare-as-infections-soar-and-medical-supplies-run-out/WQLCHBP5QPWMICORBYLPRKD4BY/
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Behind Nepal’s alarming COVID-19 surge
May 18, 2021
https://www.axios.com/nepal-covid-19-surge-2df960d2-6497-4c8c-968a-e4e9d6b98cef.html
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Nepal in Covid-19 ‘crisis situation’ as infections soar, and it suffers oxygen shortage
May 13, 2021
https://www.straitstimes.com/asia/south-asia/nepal-in-covid-19-crisis-situation-as-infections-soar-and-it-suffers-oxygen-shortage
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Nepal: Oxygen shortage hits 22 districts amid COVID-19 surge
May 1, 2021
https://www.aninews.in/news/world/asia/nepal-oxygen-shortage-hit-22-districts-amid-covid-19-surge20210501221848/
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Everest Covid outbreak throws climbing season into doubt
3 May 2021
Nepal authorities accused of underplaying seriousness of situation as daily cases soar
https://www.theguardian.com/world/2021/may/03/everest-covid-outbreak-throws-climbing-season-into-doubt?via=webuproar
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COVID-19 Reaches Mount Everest As Nepal Struggles With Record Infections
May 5, 2021
https://www.gpb.org/news/coronavirus-live-updates/2021/05/05/covid-19-reaches-mount-everest-nepal-struggles-record
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India’s COVID-19 Outbreak Has Spread To Nepal
June 2, 2021
https://www.npr.org/2021/06/02/1002604459/indias-covid-19-outbreak-has-spread-to-nepal
—————————–Covid panic: First cases of new Nepal variant found in UK amid fears of new infection wave
Jun 4, 2021
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China to provide additional 6 million doses of COVID vaccine
July 2021
KATHMANDU, July 30 — China has agreed to provide an additional 6 million doses of COVID-19 vaccines. According to the Ministry of Health and Population, China is ready to provide the vaccine through the procurement process. Dr Roshan Pokharel, secretary at the Ministry of Health and Population, said with this China will provide 14.4 million vaccines to Nepal. Out of these, 12 million will be provided through procurement process and 3.4 million in the form of grants.
The 5 million doses of vaccine that China announced to provide two months ago has already been sent to Nepal and an additional 1.6 million doses are being given as a grant, assistant spokesperson of the ministry Dr Samir Kumar Adhikari said. “China is going to provide necessary additional vaccinations. In this regard, Nepal will have vaccinated a large number of people by 2021.”
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China wants Nepal to buy vaccines with ‘secret’ conditions after Nepal had to look for other sellers as India decided to stop export
May 28, 2021
https://www.opindia.com/2021/05/china-nepal-buy-vaccines-secret-conditions-as-india-stops-exports-covid-19-aurge/
The Nepalese authorities are facing numerous challenges to get these Chinese vaccines as Chinese firms have insisted that Nepal sign a non-disclosure agreement for commercial procurement of these vaccines, putting officials in a fix.
On Wednesday, China announced that it would provide 1 million doses of a Covid-19 vaccine under “grant assistance” to Nepal as the Himalayan country scrambles to secure vaccine amidst a recent surge in Covid-19 infections. However, getting access to these vaccines has become a tough task for Nepalese authorities, reports Kathmandu Post.
In a telephonic conversation, Chinese President Xi Jinping had assured his Nepali counterpart Bidya Devi Bhandari of providing Chinese-made Sinopharm vaccines to Nepal, which is struggling to cope up with the Chinese pandemic. The latest vaccine assistance by China comes just months after the Communist nation had provided 800,000 doses of the Sinopharm vaccine to Nepal, which also received 1 million jabs of the AstraZeneca vaccine as a gift from India.
However, the Nepalese authorities are facing numerous challenges to get these Chinese vaccines as Chinese firms have insisted that Nepal sign a non-disclosure agreement for commercial procurement of these vaccines, putting officials in a fix.
A non-disclosure agreement is a legally binding contract establishing a confidential relationship. If Nepal signs a non-disclosure agreement with China, that would mean confidentiality, and either of the two parties cannot disclose details, including the price.
Dipendra Raman Singh, Director-General at the Department of Health Services of Nepal, said the Nepalese government had received a proposal for a non-disclosure agreement from Sinopharm. The proposed non-disclosure deal contains over a dozen issues, including the price and specifications.
The company will notify Nepal about the quantity, price and delivery schedule only after signing a non-disclosure agreement, said an official.
One of the major issues with procuring vaccines under such a secret agreement is that Nepal currently does not have any guidelines to sign such deals for public procurement. The recently introduced Covid-19 Crisis Management Ordinance is also silent on a non-disclosure agreement, however, it allows the government to procure directly from suppliers or manufacturers without competitive bidding under extraordinary situations.
According to experts in Nepal, non-disclosure agreements are signed only when the government decides to procure defence-related materials, which are sensitive from a national security point of view. Details of all other procurement must be disclosed as per the existing law in Nepal, he added.
The objective of the procurement law is to ensure transparency and fairness, said the official, adding, “If any citizen seeks the procurement details by invoking the Right to Information Act, the government has to provide such details.”
Nepal’s decision to look out for other vaccines, including the untested Chinese vaccines, after it failed to procure any vaccines from India. Nepal had signed a commercial deal with India’s Serum Institute of India in February. However, SII could not supply 1 million of the 2 million doses for which Nepal had already paid.
Interestingly, Nepal had agreed to buy the 2 million doses from Serum at $4 per dose and the deal did not involve a non-disclosure agreement.
Signing non-disclosure agreements with China will make worse for Nepal
The experts believe that such non-disclosure agreements with China will worsen the condition for Nepal as it could make the country immensely difficult to procure vaccines from China. As per them, the country’s procurement law is silent on whether such an agreement is permitted, and secondly, Nepal plans to pay for vaccines from donor funds.
“Apart from some defence-related purchases, Nepal does not engage in the practice of non-disclosure agreements,” said Rameshore Khanal, a former finance secretary. If Nepal is taking money from donor agencies, then it has to disclose procurement details such as the rate, cost and logistical and transportation issues, among other things, said Khanal.
According to the Nepal Health Ministry officials, one of the provisions in the proposed non-disclosure agreement is that the information from the agreement cannot be disclosed to any third party, which in general is a key condition.
However, if Nepal intends to procure any goods or services with the money received from the donor agencies like the World Bank and Asian Development Bank, they have to send all the procurement-related documents to them. The Nepal government intends to procure Covid-19 vaccines with money provided by international development partners.
On April 2, the Nepalese government signed an agreement with the World Bank for a loan worth $75 million to support access to safe and effective Covid-19 vaccines in the country. According to officials at the finance and health ministries, the government is also discussing with the Asian Development Bank to secure aid another $150 million to purchase Covid-19 vaccines.
“It is also difficult to use the government’s own resources for making purchases through non-disclosure agreements because transparency questions could arise, as the public could ask how the taxpayer money is being spent,” said another Nepalese official.
Hence, the non-disclosure agreements being pushed by China has put the Nepal governments in a legal bind. Several questions are also being asked regarding the transparency of the deal between Nepal and Chinese firms, as these deals are clouded with secrecy. The critics believe that such a non-disclosure agreement gives the vaccine manufacturers the upper hand, as the government negotiators will not know what other countries are paying, putting them at risk.
In fact, this is not the first time that the Chinese are indulging in such a suspicious vaccine deal with other countries. In January this year, the Bangladesh government had rejected the Chinese vaccine – CoronaVac vaccine over their non-transparent agreements. The Chinese firm had also brazenly asked Dhaka to share costs of clinical trials of Sinovac manufactured drug in the country.
As the Chinese tried to bully and enforce one-sided deals, Bangladesh rejected the Chinese vaccines and obtained India’s Covishield doses under the Modi government’s ‘Vaccine Maitri’ initiative.
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Brazil rejects Sputnik V vaccine, says it’s tainted with replicating cold virus
4/29/2021
Adenovirus-vector vaccines are supposed to be engineered so they can’t replicate.
Health regulators in Brazil say that doses of Russia’s Sputnik V COVID-19 vaccine contain a cold-causing virus capable of replicating in human cells.
The unintended presence of the virus in the vaccine can “lead to infections in humans and can cause damage and death, especially in people with low immunity and respiratory problems, among other health problems,” Brazil’s Health Regulatory Agency, Anvisa, said Wednesday in a translated statement.
Russia has unequivocally denied the claim, lobbed legal threats at Anvisa, and accused the respected regulators of being politically motivated to reject the vaccine.
Still, Brazil’s findings raise serious questions about the quality and safety of the vaccine, which is now being used in many countries. The findings also support concerns of Slovak regulators, who said earlier this month that batches of Sputnik V they received did not “have the same characteristics and properties” as the Sputnik V vaccine that was described in a peer-reviewed publication and found to be 91.6 percent effective.
Moreover, quality-control issues weren’t the end of Anvisa’s concerns. In an overall evaluation of the Russian vaccine, Brazil’s regulators found its safety and efficacy were based on insufficient, limited, and sometimes faulty data and analyses. “Flaws… were identified in all stages of clinical studies,” Anvisa said. The agency also reported that its inspectors who traveled to Russia to assess the vaccine’s production were barred from vaccine facilities at Gamaleya Institute, which developed Sputnik V.
In a vote late Monday, Anvisa’s five directors unanimously denied the importation and use of the Sputnik V vaccine in Brazil. Prior to the decision, 14 states and two municipalities had requested imports of the vaccine, Anvisa said.
https://arstechnica.com/science/2021/04/brazil-rejects-sputnik-v-vaccine-says-its-tainted-with-replicating-cold-virus/
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Slovakia Claims a Bait-and-Switch With the Russian Vaccines It Ordered
2021/04/08
https://www.nytimes.com/2021/04/08/world/europe/slovakia-coronavirus-russia-vaccine-sputnik.html
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The Sputnik V COVID vaccine and the two significant risks untested vaccines present
May 20, 2021
https://medicalxpress.com/news/2021-05-sputnik-covid-vaccine-significant-untested.html
A superficial reading of the history of vaccination might lead you to believe that it is simple. Dried smallpox pustules had been used for 1,000 years to inoculate people against smallpox before the first successful vaccine trial, conducted by Edward Jenner in 1796 on a single eight-year-old boy.
A more detailed reading, however, reveals two significant risks both extremely relevant in the current pandemic.
The first is that bad vaccines don’t just fail to protect, they can cause direct harm to patients. Some make subsequent infection with the disease they are intended to protect against more serious.
The second risk is that trust in vaccines is easily damaged and slow to recover. People feel anxious about interventions given to the well—the first anti-vaccination movement appeared just a few years after Jenner’s successful trial.
The Russian government appeared to be taking both these risks when in August 2020, the president, Vladimir Putin, announced the registration of a new COVID-19 vaccine: Sputnik V. While Putin said that it had gone through “all the necessary trials,” the registration certificate said that it had been trialed on just 38 participants. The international responses ranged from concern to outrage and, since that announcement, everything about Sputnik has seemed worthy of detailed scrutiny, as I argued in a recent essay in The BMJ.
In September, the first peer-reviewed Sputnik V data was published in the prestigious medical journal, The Lancet: two studies each of 38 people who all seemed to develop a robust immune response with no serious problems.
Very quickly inconsistencies were found in the paper by an Italian scientist, Enrico Bucci. He runs a research integrity company and posted an open letter noting that the results on several graphs seemed identical between participants—more than might be expected by chance. Bucci and several others (including myself) wrote to The Lancet requesting access to the data from which the figures were generated to resolve the issue.
We expected to have the backing of The Lancet with this request since they are enthusiastic about data transparency. Their website declares: “The Lancet journals will continue to hold authors and editors accountable for the data published in our pages, and we encourage our readers to do the same.” The Sputnik team responded that the patterns in the data were “coincidences” but confirmed that they would make individual participant data available on request.
Despite these assurances and several requests, neither The Lancet nor the Sputnik team have provided any further data.
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Sputnik V COVID-19 vaccine: How much do we know about its side effects?
May 10, 2021
https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/sputnik-v-covid-19-vaccine-how-much-do-we-know-about-its-side-effects
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DOH: Side effects of Sputnik V similar to other vaccines
May 5, 2021
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EOWhf6PPOpo
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‘Sputnik V’ Vaccine Trial: 14% Volunteers Report Side-Effects Including Fever & Weakness, Says Russian Minister
September 18, 2020 The minister said that more than 300 people have already received the Sputnik V vaccine as part of the three-phase trial, and 14 per cent have complained about their health.https://www.india.com/news/world/sputnik-v-vaccine-trial-14-volunteers-report-side-effects-including-fever-weakness-says-russian-minister-4144953/
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1 in 7 volunteers report side effects after taking Sputnik V: Latest updates on Russian coronavirus vaccine
Sep 17, 2020 https://www.timesnownews.com/health/article/1-in-7-volunteers-report-side-effects-after-taking-sputnik-v-latest-updates-on-russian-coronavirus-vaccine/653800
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Russia says Sputnik V vaccine does not cause blood clots
Apr 15, 2021
https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/international/world-news/russia-says-sputnik-v-vaccine-does-not-cause-blood-clots/articleshow/82069920.cms
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The role of regulators — Why South Africa hasn’t approved Sputnik V yet
August 24, 2021
https://bhekisisa.org/health-news-south-africa/2021-08-24-the-role-of-regulators-why-south-africa-hasnt-approved-sputnik-v-yet/
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Mexico cites Russia’s Sputnik vaccine production problems
May 11, 2021
https://apnews.com/article/europe-russia-mexico-coronavirus-pandemic-coronavirus-vaccine-cd83a5850f8384fbb364890ef583e5f0
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Sputnik V COVID-19 vaccine
Sputnik V or Gam-COVID-Vac is an adenovirus viral vector vaccine for COVID-19 developed by the Gamaleya Research Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology in Russia. It is the world’s first registered combination vector vaccine for the prevention of COVID-19, having been registered on 11 August 2020 by the Russian Ministry of Health.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sputnik_V_COVID-19_vaccine
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Is the Sputnik V vaccine too good to be true? Without the data, it’s hard to know
May 26, 2021
Sputnik V, the Covid-19 developed by the Moscow-based Gamaleya Research Institute, was the early rising star of Covid-19 vaccines. Now it is mired in controversy arising from the institute’s failure to share data about the vaccine.
After being developed, authorized, and administered at breakneck speed, it is now being rolled out in 39 countries and due to be rolled out in 27 more — with a combined population of more than 3.2 billion people. These are mainly lower- and middle-income countries that lost out to countries in Western Europe and North America in the race to secure sufficient vaccine doses to protect their populations.
https://www.statnews.com/2021/05/26/data-needed-know-if-sputnik-v-vaccine-too-good-to-be-true/
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How not to run a vaccine clinical trial – The Sputnik case study
Aug 30, 2021
https://zambezinews24.com/how-not-to-run-a-vaccine-clinical-trial-the-sputnik-case-study/
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WHO spots problems at Sputnik V vaccine plant
It is being used in 40 countries
Jun 24, 2021
The World Health Organization said Wednesday it had uncovered problems at a Sputnik V Covid-19 vaccine production site which Moscow insisted had been resolved.
WHO approval has been sought for the Sputnik V jab created by Russia’s Gamaleya research institute, which is already being used in 40 countries.
The UN health agency inspected four Sputnik V manufacturing sites.
On Wednesday, it released a summary report of its preliminary findings, detailing six issues found during its May 31 to June 4 visit to the Pharmstandard Ufa Vitamin Plant in Ufa, southern Russia.
The inspectors had concerns with the data integrity and testing results from monitoring during manufacturing and quality control, and with the monitoring and control of aseptic operation and filling.
The inspection identified issues with the traceability and identification of vaccine batches.
There were also concerns over the filling lines, sterility assurance, sterile filtration validation and the risks of cross-contamination.
“Communications have been initiated with the relevant manufacturer, the applicant and the respective national regulatory authority with the view that the preliminary findings outlined in this report are investigated and addressed as quickly as possible,” the WHO told AFP.
Kremlin spokesman Dmitry Peskov said there were “some shortcomings identified by the inspection group, and from what we know, they were taken into account and all that needed to be changed was changed.
“Of course the necessary controls by the control bodies are in place. It is obvious that this is the strictest control possible”, he added.
WHO approval process
The WHO’s emergency use listing (EUL) approval is the green light that gives countries, funders, procuring agencies and communities assurance that a vaccine has met international standards.
The WHO said it had so far conducted nine inspections of the Sputnik V manufacturing sites.
They included five clinical trial sites jointly visited with the European Medicines Agency regulator and four manufacturing sites, two of which were joint visits with the EMA.
Out of the latter four inspections, the WHO “found non-compliance with good manufacturing practices at one manufacturing site”, it said.
“Findings from the other manufacturing sites of the Sputnik V vaccine that WHO has inspected are still being assessed but they have not raised similar concerns.”
The organisation said it would continue to assess Sputnik V vaccines from different manufacturing sites and publish its decision on EUL status once all the data is available and the review is complete.
EUL paves the way for countries to approve and import a vaccine for distribution quickly, especially those states without an international-class regulator of their own.
It also opens the door for the jabs to enter the Covax global vaccine distribution facility, which aims to provide equitable access to doses in poorer countries.
The WHO has so far given EUL status to vaccines created by AstraZeneca, Pfizer-BioNTech, Moderna, Johnson & Johnson, Sinopharm and Sinovac.
The WHO’s vaccine overview shows that of the other vaccines yet to receive EUL status, the Sputnik V is the furthest ahead in the process.
Sputnik V is already being used in 40 countries, according to an AFP count.
Besides Russia, those nations include Argentina, India, Iran, Kenya, Mexico, Pakistan, the Philippines and the United Arab Emirates.
https://www.samaa.tv/global/2021/06/who-spots-problems-at-sputnik-v-vaccine-plant/
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Russia Is Struggling To Make Sputnik V Doses. Why?
15/05/2021
https://science.thewire.in/health/russia-is-struggling-to-make-sputnik-v-doses-why/
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Second Covid vaccine is being released by Russia which ‘avoids side effects of the first one’ and officials hope it will be ready by November
23 August 2020
New drug is from a former top-secret Soviet biological weapons research plant
Clinical trials of Russia’s second vaccine named will be completed in September
Russians hope to have it registered by October and in production by November
https://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-8656073/Second-Covid-vaccine-released-Russia-avoids-effects-one.html
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Worried your COVID-19 vaccine won’t be accepted abroad? Here’s what you need to know
Jul 30, 2021
https://www.cbc.ca/news/business/covid-19-vaccine-travel-1.6122633
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SHOT BY BOTH SIDES: Which countries have banned the AstraZeneca vaccine?
3 Apr 2021
Which countries have banned the AstraZeneca vaccine?
Several European countries have temporarily suspended the use of the Astrajabs, including Denmark, Austria and Norway, as well as Thailand.
On March 16, Sweden became the latest country to suspend the AstraZeneca jab.
Anders Tegnell said the pause was a “temporary measure” until the European Medicines Agency (EMA) had completed an investigation into reports of people with severe blood clots.
On March 14, 2021, Ireland chose to “temporarily suspend” the jab as a “precautionary step”.
It came after a small number of reports of people experiencing blood clots in the days and weeks after their vaccination.
The EMA said Austria had paused use after a death; Denmark reported one fatality as well as Italy.
There were reports of serious clotting in adults in Norway which left four people in hospital.
The Dutch government said the precautionary move will last until at least March 29.
Germany followed suit on March 15 a spokesman for the Health Ministry said.
The ministry said the decision followed a recommendation from the Paul Ehrlich Institute, Germany’s authority in charge of vaccines.
The ministry said in a statement: “Following a recommendation from the Paul Ehrlich Institute, the government is, out of caution, halting the administration of the AstraZeneca vaccine.”
On March 12, Lothar Wieler, head of Germany’s Robert Koch Institute for Infectious Diseases, said there was no evidence that patients who received the vaccine were more likely than patients of a similar age group to suffer blood conditions.
Germany has since suspended giving out the AstraZeneca vaccine to people under 60 years old, as investigations continue.
France also suspended the use of the AstraZeneca vaccine out of precaution.
French President Emmanuel Macron said French authorities have decided to suspend the jab until the afternoon of Tuesday, March 16, when the European Medicines Agency will issue its recommendation over the vaccine.
He said France hopes to be able to vaccine again with AstraZeneca shots “soon”.
Most of the 27 member countries of the EU have already resumed the use of AstraZeneca’s vaccine.
Why have so many countries banned the AstraZeneca vaccine?
Countries have suspended the use of the Oxford-AstraZeneca vaccine over concerns the jab may cause blood clots.
https://www.thesun.co.uk/news/14344557/astrazeneca-covid-vaccine-suspended-countries-blood-clots/
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Post Vaccination Deaths From Pfizer Is Far More Than From Astrazeneca Jabs: Sputnik Study
April 26, 2021
Russia’s Sputnik V is the third COVID-19 vaccine to be cleared for emergency use in India. From May 1, India will start vaccinating all citizens above the age of 18 years. At the same time, there have been reports of vaccine shortage from many parts of the country. Elsewhere in the world, many vaccines are coming under the scanner for alleged side effects, some of which are said to be quite serious. Now, Russian Covid vaccine Sputnik V, which is now the third COVID-19 vaccine in India, has claimed that the available public data suggests more people died after taking the Pfizer jab than AstraZeneca.
https://www.thehealthsite.com/news/post-vaccination-deaths-from-pfizer-is-far-more-than-from-astrazeneca-jabs-sputnik-study-809914/
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Moderna reveals source of COVID-19 vaccine contamination as Japan finds yet another suspect vial
Sep 1, 2021
https://www.fiercepharma.com/pharma/amid-another-report-contaminants-japan-moderna-s-covid-19-vaccine-faces-increased-scrutiny
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Floating material found in Pfizer COVID-19 vaccine vials in Japan, but company says it’s not contamination
Sep 15, 2021
In recent weeks, Moderna has had to deal with reports of contaminants discovered in vials of its COVID-19 vaccine in Japan.
Now it’s Pfizer doing the same after white floating matter was found in five unused vials of its COVID-19 vaccine.
The vials, which belonged to the same supply lot, were discovered between Saturday and Tuesday in two cities near Tokyo and in Sakai in the western part of the country, Kyodo News reports.
Officials said that vaccination sites continued to use shots from the same lot after visual inspection of vials showed no further contamination.
At a press conference on Wednesday, Pfizer’s Japanese subsidiary said the material was likely vaccine ingredients that had not been fully dissolved and would not affect the safety or the performance of the vaccine. Pfizer revealed that through Sept. 5, floating matter had been reported in 95 vials.
“The Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine is manufactured under the strictest of controls to ensure consistent identity, quality, purity and potency to assure patient safety and efficacy,” the company said in a statement. “Pfizer is aware of the report, and is conducting a full investigation.”
https://www.fiercepharma.com/pharma/floating-material-found-pfizer-covid-19-vaccine-vials-japan-but-company-says-it-s-not
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“Immortal” Hydra Vulgaris In Moderna’s Vaccine? Dr Carrie Madej’s Startling Microscope Findings & Updates
04 Oct 2021
https://ugetube.com/watch/quot-immortal-quot-hydra-vulgaris-in-moderna-039-s-vaccine-dr-carrie-madej-039-s-startling-microsco_ivrxt3ngyrmhxqa.html?lang=english
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Eggs Hatching by the Millions: Bioweapon Shots Contain Living Parasite eggs
March 7, 2022
https://rumble.com/vwr9jv-eggs-hatching-by-the-millions-bioweapon-shots-contain-living-parasite-eggs.html
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Japan has discovered what is probably 3 different variants of the Pfizer shot
29 Aug 2021
This can’t happen if not intentional. Japan discovered: 1. Shots with pink stuff in them. 2. Shots with black stuff in them. 3. Shots with shiny metallic magnetic stuff in them. And it was not just a few shots, it was millions that had EACH PROBLEM. That means it was not a problem.
I saw and ignored a post by “someone who works for pfizer” saying there were 10 different variants of the shots, each designed to do something different to the recipient. I blew the post off as B.S. However, if Japan found three different “contaminants” in the pfizer shot, and each event had thousands of vials involved, perhaps that post was accurate because that can’t happen in a factory if it was not intentional and no individual could ever hand contaminate that many vials. That employee said one of the 10 possibilities was saline. That would mean Japan has discovered 4 out of 10 variants.
https://tapnewswire.com/2021/08/japan-has-discovered-what-is-probably-3-different-variants-of-the-pfizer-shot/
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Japan pulls 1.6M COVID vaccine doses over suspected contamination
August 2021
Tokyo — Japan’s Health Ministry has pulled about 1.63 million doses of the Moderna coronavirus vaccine out of use after 39 unused vials at eight vaccination sites were discovered to be contaminated with a still-unspecified substance. No safety issues have been reported. All of the suspect vials were manufactured in Spain.
https://www.msn.com/en-us/news/world/japan-pulls-16m-covid-vaccine-doses-over-suspected-contamination/ar-AANLDfj
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1.6m Moderna doses withdrawn in Japan over contamination
Company confirms reports of particulate matter in vials, but finds ‘no safety issues’
August 26, 2021
https://asia.nikkei.com/Spotlight/Coronavirus/COVID-vaccines/1.6m-Moderna-doses-withdrawn-in-Japan-over-contamination
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Moderna vaccinations halted in Japan’s Okinawa after ‘black substances’ found in vial, days after other batch of jab was suspended
August 29, 2021
Okinawa prefecture has halted Moderna vaccinations after unknown materials were found in a vial of the drug. The move comes after Japan pulled 1.6 million Moderna doses from a different batch over contamination concerns.
Black substances were discovered in syringes and a vial, while unidentified pink substances were spotted in a different syringe with a Moderna vaccine dose, according to Japan’s public broadcaster, NHK.
Okinawa’s government said in a statement on Sunday that it was suspending the use of Moderna vaccines after “foreign substances were spotted in some of them.”
Takeda Pharmaceutical, Japan’s domestic distributor of the Moderna shot, is expected to probe whether the suspected contamination occurred during production and will consult with the health ministry on the matter, NHK reported.
https://www.infowars.com/posts/moderna-vaccinations-halted-in-japans-okinawa-after-black-substances-found-in-vial-days-after-other-batch-of-jab-was-suspended/
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Foreign substance detected in Moderna vaccine in Japan may be metal
Aug 27, 2021
https://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2021/08/27/national/moderna-contamination-metal/
The foreign substance detected in dozens of vials of Moderna Inc.’s COVID-19 vaccine in Japan is thought to have been tiny pieces of metal, but experts have dismissed concerns over significant health problems, saying that the chance of the foreign material actually entering the body is low.
The foreign substance was identified in 39 unused vials, all of which had the lot number 3004667, at eight workplace and large-scale inoculation sites in five prefectures — Aichi, Ibaraki, Gifu, Saitama and Tokyo — with the first discovery having come on Aug. 16. The government on Thursday decided to halt the use of vials belonging to that lot number — as well as those with the lot numbers 3004734 and 3004956, which were produced around the same time and at the same facility — affecting a total of 1.63 million shots.
Taro Kono, the minister in charge of the vaccine rollout, said Friday that more than half a million of the 1.63 million doses in question have already been administered.
The vials in question were made by Laboratorios Farmaceuticos Rovi, which has been handling the final step in the manufacturing process for Moderna vials using vaccine ingredients produced in Switzerland that are destined for markets outside the U.S. The Spanish pharmaceutical firm said Thursday that the one product lot in which the foreign substance has been detected was distributed exclusively in Japan, adding that it may have originated from one of the company’s production lines.
An investigation by Moderna, Rovi and Takeda Pharmaceutical Co., which is in charge of the vaccine’s distribution in Japan, is ongoing. The foreign material is “a metal that reacts to a magnet” and is believed to have entered the vials during the production process, the Asahi Shimbun quoted an unidentified senior health ministry official as saying.
So far, there have been no reports of ill health from contaminated doses, or of foreign materials in other batches of the Moderna vaccine that have been distributed in Japan.
The risk that a contaminated vial would be administered is seen as low by experts, as the standard protocol is to check for any abnormalities before use.
“If it’s a minute piece of metal, once injected inside the muscle it will be approached and eaten by phagocytes, so it will not circulate in the whole body, and there is a near zero chance of it causing substantial health damage,” Masayuki Miyasaka, professor emeritus of immunology at Osaka University, said on his Facebook page.
Health minister Norihisa Tamura said the government was contacting the 863 workplace and mass vaccination centers that received the three lot numbers to see if they are short of vaccines, and that it would start distributing replacement vials Friday.
“Because the contamination has caused so much anxiety and worry among people getting vaccinated, Moderna and Takeda Pharmaceutical have to take steps to investigate the cause of the incident and prevent a recurrence,” he told reporters Friday.
All Nippon Airways Co., which halted its workplace vaccination program on Thursday and Friday because its allocated supplies include vials with the affected lot numbers, said it would resume giving shots on Saturday.
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Foreign matter in Moderna COVID vaccine identified as stainless metal
Sep 1, 2021
Tokyo – The foreign matter found in some lots of Moderna Inc.’s vaccine distributed but suspended from use in Japan was confirmed to be stainless steel that was mixed during the manufacturing process, the health ministry said Wednesday.
https://english.kyodonews.net/news/2021/09/e0e7e2eac475-foreign-matter-in-moderna-covid-vaccine-identified-as-stainless-metal.html
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Two die in Japan after shots from suspended Moderna doses; cause of deaths under investigation
Aug 28, 2021
https://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2021/08/28/national/japan-moderna-vaccine-deaths/
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Sunday Live: Japan Issues 2nd Emergency Recall of Moderna Injections After Magnetic Metal Causes Deaths
August 29, 2021
Alex Jones breaks down how Japan has issue another emergency recall of the Moderna injection after magnetized metal contaminants found laced in the shot caused numerous deaths.
https://www.infowars.com/posts/sunday-live-biden-pushes-boosters-as-covid-credibility-collapses-after-major-study-confirms-natural-immunity-superior-to-injections/
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Graphene “razor blades” found in the COVID vaccines (Dr. Andreas Noack)
November 26th, 2021
https://www.bitchute.com/video/X9oMvf6dbhCi/
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DOCTOR MURDERED FOR EXPOSING GRAPHENE OXIDE IN INJECTIONS?!?
VIDEO:
NOVEMBER 27TH, 2021 – DR. ANDREAS NOACK WAS MURDERED AFTER RELEASING THE PREVIOUS VIDEO 4 DAYS AGO!
It is critical to watch the previous video:
– Talk by Dr. Andreas Noack (November 23rd, 2021)
– Translated by Stefan Reich (November 25th, 2021)
https://thephaser.com/2021/11/doctor-murdered-for-exposing-graphene-oxide-in-injections/
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Doctor Tells The Truth About Graphene “Razor Blades” In COVID Shots – Murdered Days Later (Video)
December 1, 2021
Dr. Andreas Noack published a video on November 23rd, 2021 at 10am exposing graphene hydroxide in the COVID shots, little “razor blades”. Just days later, on November 27, he was murdered.
The following videos were subsequently translated by Stefan Reich on November 25th, 2021 to add in the English subtitles. Below is a full transcript.
America’s Frontline Doctor Reveals How To Detoxify From Graphene Oxide (Video)
Microscopy Expert Dr. Robert Young Claims COVID Vials Contain Graphene Oxide, Parasites, Stainless Steel (Video)
Dr. Robert Young: Millions Have Died From The COVID Injections
Epigeneticist Dr. Alexandra Henrion-Caude Discusses Aspects Of CONvid-1984 & mRNA Technology (Video)
https://ussanews.com/doctor-tells-the-truth-about-graphene-razor-blades-in-covid-shots-murdered-days-later-video/
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Has Dr. Noack been killed after publishing his findings about the vaccines?
November 27th, 2021
https://www.bitchute.com/video/pEBQm4hCh5cz/
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COVID Whistleblowers Are Mysteriously Dying And No One Is Brave Enough To Ask Why
January 2022
https://en-volve.com/2022/01/20/covid-whistleblowers-are-mysteriously-dying-and-no-one-is-brave-enough-to-ask-why/
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Dr. Andreas Noack | Nano Razor Blades Found in the Vax | Found Dead After Publication
28 Nov 2021
https://brandnewtube.com/watch/dr-andreas-noack-nano-razor-blades-found-in-the-vax-found-dead-after-publication_2G91vSuJKzTsN2O.html?s=09
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Stew Peters Show: Blood Doctor Discovers Self-Assembling Graphene/Nanobot Objects In The Vaccines
October 16th, 2021
https://www.bitchute.com/video/gpfclL3rPZ49/
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Why Japan banned MMR vaccine
Modified: 2001
https://www.dailymail.co.uk/health/article-17509/Why-Japan-banned-MMR-vaccine.html
Japan stopped using the MMR vaccine seven years ago – virtually the only developed nation to turn its back on the jab.
Government health chiefs claim a four-year experiment with it has had serious financial and human costs.
Of the 3,969 medical compensation claims relating to vaccines in the last 30 years, a quarter had been made by those badly affected by the combined measles, mumps and rubella vaccine, they say.
The triple jab was banned in Japan in 1993 after 1.8 million children had been given two types of MMR and a record number developed non-viral meningitis and other adverse reactions.
Official figures show there were three deaths while eight children were left with permanent handicaps ranging from damaged hearing and blindness to loss of control of limbs.
The government reconsidered using MMR in 1999 but decided it was safer to keep the ban and continue using individual vaccines for measles, mumps and rubella.
The British Department of Health said Japan had used a type of MMR which included a strain of mumps vaccine that had particular problems and was discontinued in the UK because of safety concerns.
The Japanese government realised there was a problem with MMR soon after its introduction in April 1989 when vaccination was compulsory. Parents who refused had to pay a small fine.
An analysis of vaccinations over a three-month period showed one in every 900 children was experiencing problems. This was over 2,000 times higher than the expected rate of one child in every 100,000 to 200,000.
The ministry switched to another MMR vaccine in October 1991 but the incidence was still high with one in 1,755 children affected. No separate record has been kept of claims involving autism.
Tests on the spinal fluid of 125 children affected were carried out to see if the vaccine had got into the children’s nervous systems. They found one confirmed case and two further suspected cases.
In 1993, after a public outcry fuelled by worries over the flu vaccine, the government dropped the requirement for children to be vaccinated against measles or rubella.
Dr Hiroki Nakatani, director of the Infectious Disease Division at Japan’s Ministry of Health and Welfare said that giving individual vaccines cost twice as much as MMR ‘but we believe it is worth it’.
In some areas parents have to pay, while in others health authorities foot the bill.
However, he admitted the MMR scare has left its mark. With vaccination rates low, there have been measles outbreaks which have claimed 94 lives in the last five years.
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Alert: Japan Places Myocarditis Warning on ‘Vaccines’ – Requires Informed Consent
December 10, 2021
https://rairfoundation.com/alert-japan-places-myocarditis-warning-on-vaccines-requires-informed-consent/
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Abstract 10712: Observational Findings of PULS Cardiac Test Findings for Inflammatory Markers in Patients Receiving mRNA Vaccines
8 Nov 2021
https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/10.1161/circ.144.suppl_1.10712
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Japan Places Warning on COVID ‘Vaccines
December 12, 2021
While many countries are either voting and threatening to make vaccines mandatory, the UK being one of them, Japan allows individuals to choose whether to be injected with the experimental gene-therapies or not and also labels the vaccines with warnings.
https://dailyexpose.uk/2021/12/12/japan-places-warning-on-covid-vaccines/
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Chinese virus vaccine produces ‘toxic’ effects, British researchers call on govt. to halt use immediately
June 17, 2021
Researchers in Britain are calling on the government to halt their use of the coronavirus vaccine immediately after discovering potentially “toxic” side effects. One America’s Pearson Sharp has more.
https://www.oann.com/chinese-virus-vaccine-produces-toxic-effects-british-researchers-call-on-govt-to-halt-use-immediately/
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More proof UK won’t suffer devastating third Covid wave? China admits its jab rolled out in Chile doesn’t work well – confounding doomsayers who pointed to country’s third wave despite vaccine drive
April 2021
Rare confession made by Director of the Chinese CDC, Gao Fu, last night
He said Chinese vaccines ‘don’t have very high protection rates’ against Covid
Chile has ordered 60m doses of CoronaVac jab and has used it on 8m residents
China has admitted its Covid vaccines do not work well – which could explain why Chile is suffering a resurgence despite having one of the best rollouts in the world.
In an extremely rare confession, the head of the Chinese Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Gao Fu, said the jabs ‘don’t have very high protection rates’ against coronavirus symptoms. They are being used in at least 45 countries.
https://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-9460177/China-admits-Covid-jabs-not-effective-major-blow-global-health-battle.html
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Chile records highest daily COVID-19 numbers yet
March 20, 2021
https://apnews.com/article/pandemics-south-america-chile-coronavirus-pandemic-latin-america-7148d8fe326932e68b3b68e75927834b?emci=c61a9466-0f8b-eb11-85aa-00155d43c992&emdi=d3b0f58a-108b-eb11-85aa-00155d43c992&ceid=4606001
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South America Is Now Covid-19 Hot Spot, With Eight Times the World’s Death Rate
June 21, 2021
Driving the surge are more infectious variants, low vaccination rates, weak healthcare systems and, in some cases, governments that gave up on controlling the virus
SÃO PAULO—While Covid-19 is receding in much of the world, the pandemic is raging in South America, which has just 5% of the world’s population but now accounts for a quarter of the global death toll.
Almost a million people have died across 12 countries in the region. Amid another devastating surge, Brazil surpassed 500,000 this past weekend, with the virus killing seven times as many people per capita each day than in hard-hit India. Colombia and Argentina, which together have 95 million people, are tallying three times as many deaths each day as all of Africa. Of the 10 countries around the world with the highest daily death rates per capita, seven are now in South America. Collectively, the region’s death rate per capita is eight times the world’s rate.
Several factors explain why: a slow rate of vaccination, the spread of new Covid-19 variants, crowded cities, weak healthcare systems, far higher rates of obesity than in Africa and Asia, and some governments that largely gave up trying to control the virus.
“While infections and deaths from Covid-19 are decreasing in the U.S. and other nations, South America has turned into the pandemic’s epicenter,” said Denise Garrett, an epidemiologist who worked for the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention for more than 20 years.
https://www.wsj.com/articles/south-america-is-now-covid-19-hot-spot-witheighttimes-the-worlds-death-rate-11624299176
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Alarming COVID-19 resurgence in world’s most vaccinated nation leads to questions about Chinese vaccine
May 12, 2021
https://thehill.com/changing-america/well-being/prevention-cures/553096-alarming-covid-19-resurgence-in-worlds-most
Story at a glance
About 67 percent of the population of Seychelles is fully vaccinated against the coronavirus.
A majority of those vaccinated received the Chinese government-funded COVID-19 vaccine, Sinopharm.
A surge in so-called breakthrough cases is leading to debate over the vaccine’s effectiveness.
More than one-third of the new cases are people who have been fully vaccinated.
The 115-island archipelago Seychelles, the world’s most vaccinated country, has seen a resurgence in COVID-19 cases, reaching “a higher number of infections per capita than India,” according to the Wall Street Journal.
What’s alarming to some is that, according to Seychelles’s Ministry of Health, more than one-third of the new cases are people who have been fully vaccinated.
At this time, about 67 percent of the country’s population is fully vaccinated. Of those vaccinated, a majority have received the Chinese government-funded Sinopharm vaccine. Others in the country have received a derivative of the AstraZeneca vaccine called Covishield, which is manufactured in India.
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Researchers ponder why covid-19 appears deadlier in the U.S. and Europe than in Asia
May 28, 2020
https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/researchers-ponder-why-covid-appears-more-deadly-in-the-us-and-europe-than-in-asia/2020/05/26/81889d06-8a9f-11ea-9759-6d20ba0f2c0e_story.html
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India’s New’Triple Mutant Variant’ Of COVID-19 Has Three Notable Mutations
April 2021
One SARS-CoV-2 variant found in India has been dubbed the”triple mutant variant.”
Experts say the name is misleading, and it is not currently considered a variant of concern by the CDC.
The available COVID-19 vaccines still offer protection against this and other variants.
India’s battle with a second wave of COVID-19 is making headlines with record-breaking daily cases and a rising death toll. The country recently surpassed more than 345,000 new COVID-19 cases in a single day, the biggest total recorded globally since the pandemic began.
It’s a grim reminder that the pandemic is far from over, even as the U.S. hits promising vaccination milestones.
Some experts are pointing to an emerging “triple mutant strain” or “triple mutant variant” of coronavirus as one possible reason for the uptick in India’s cases. While the term may sound scary, it’s simply another strain among many throughout the COVID-19 pandemic. Viruses are constantly changing through mutations, and variants have been emerging from the very beginning of the pandemic. So far, only a few are of real concern, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
Here’s what you need to know about the triple mutant variant, according to infectious disease experts.
https://www.msn.com/en-us/health/medical/india-e2-80-99s-newtriple-mutant-variant-of-covid-19-has-three-notable-mutations/ar-BB1g4WWv
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COVID-19 infections surge in Nepal, fueled by mutant strains from India
April 26, 2021
https://news.yahoo.com/covid-19-infections-surge-nepal-095813842.html
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No case of COVID-19 Indian strain reported in Pakistan
04-2021
Health authorities warn of situation similar to that in India if cases continue to rise at current rate
KARACHI, Pakistan
Pakistan said on Monday that the country has not yet reported a new “Indian strain” of the coronavirus – a “double-mutant” variant – considered to be responsible for a recent spike in infections in India.
Syed Sajid Shah, a spokesman for the Health Ministry, told reporters on Monday that the country is still “safe” from the Indian variant. Cases of the UK variant of the virus, however, are being reported, he added.
Pakistan has already banned land and air travel from India, citing concerns about the spread of the latest coronavirus variant.
The two South Asian nuclear rivals have been grappling with a devastating COVID-19 wave, while the situation in Pakistan has been considered relatively better compared to India, where hospitals are reportedly running out of beds and oxygen supplies.
On Monday, India set a new record globally by registering over 350,000 cases in a single day.
A day earlier, New Delhi Chief Minister Arvind Kejriwal announced that the lockdown will be extended for another week. He said the current oxygen demand is 700 tons, but they are only receiving 330 to 335 tons per day.
Pakistan reported nearly 5,000 infections and 70 deaths from COVID-19 on Monday, while health authorities warned of a situation similar to that in India if the cases continued to rise at the current rate in the coming weeks.
https://www.aa.com.tr/en/asia-pacific/no-case-of-covid-19-indian-strain-reported-in-pakistan/2221289
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Chinese strain of coronavirus has more potent chromosomes than Pakistani one: Dr Atta
March 30, 2020
https://www.thenews.com.pk/latest/636892-chinese-strain-of-coronavirus-has-more-potent-chromosomes-than-pakistani-one-dr-atta
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Indian Covid strain: Everything we know about the ‘chilling’ coronavirus variant
April 19, 2021
Public Health England announced that cases of a mutant coronavirus strain first found in India had been discovered in the UK, which some fear may prove resistant to vaccines
A new coronavirus variant which has left scientists “worried” has been detected in the UK.
Last week Public Health England (PHE) announced that dozens of cases of the Indian variant had been detected in the UK.
Yesterday a government minister downplayed the threat it poses to the UK population, noting that there is currently no evidence it spreads quicker or renders vaccines less effective.
Scientists have sounded a more cautionary note, with one warning that it could potentially do more damage than the South Africa variant.
Today Boris Johnson cancelled his trip to New Delhi which had been scheduled for next week as the coronavirus situation in India worsens.
As questions about the Indian variant grow, here is everything we know about the mutant strain so far.
https://www.mirror.co.uk/news/uk-news/indian-covid-strain-everything-know-23939087
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What we know about the Indian strain of coronavirus
April 22, 2021
There are eight cases of the mutant strain B.1.617 so far in Wales – but should we be worried?
https://www.walesonline.co.uk/news/health/what-know-indian-strain-coronavirus-20445245
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‘Double mutant’ Covid-19 strain raises concerns in India
Updated: Apr 21, 2021
https://www.straitstimes.com/asia/south-asia/double-mutant-covid-19-strain-raises-concerns-in-india
NEW DELHI – More countries are snapping travel links with India as it records a devastating and unprecedented spike in new coronavirus infections.
The United States and Britain placed travel restrictions on India on Monday (April 19), with the US advising travellers against heading to the South Asian country even if they are fully vaccinated against Covid-19.
Hong Kong has already banned flights from India for two weeks beginning on Tuesday and New Zealand has an ongoing suspension on travel from India, including on its own citizens, until April 28.
Singapore also said on Tuesday it is reducing with immediate effect the number of entry approvals for those who are not Singapore citizens or permanent residents, but have recent travel history to India.
India has been reporting more than 200,000 Covid-19 cases daily for six consecutive days since April 15 – its highest single-day tally was on Monday (273,810) – in a worrying spike that has likely been fuelled by a potentially new virulent coronavirus variant.
The B.1.617 variant, which carries several mutations, has been dubbed a “double mutant” because of two key mutations on the coronavirus’ spike protein, which it uses to bind more effectively with cells and cause infection.
While the L452R mutation is known to increase viral transmission and reduce antibody efficacy, the E484Q mutation is said to give the virus increased cell-binding and immune-evasion properties.
The strain has already been detected in at least 16 countries, including Singapore and Britain.
Dr Maria Van Kerkhove, the World Health Organisation’s (WHO) technical lead officer on Covid-19, told reporters last week it is a “variant of interest” that the WHO is tracking. “Having two of these mutations, which have been seen in other variants around the world, are concerning,” she added.
The role of this variant in the fresh surge in India has not been scientifically established but its prevalence has been creeping up in sequenced samples. A government statement on March 24 stated that 15 per cent to 20 per cent of these had the B.1.617 variant, an increase compared with December. However, it did not specify what the prevalence rate was then for this strain.
“It is certainly the case that the proportion of double variant is gradually increasing. That is why it is a variant of concern, that it is spreading faster,” Dr Rakesh Kumar Mishra, director of the Hyderabad-based Centre for Cellular & Molecular Biology (CCMB), told The Straits Times. He said the strain, however, is “probably not” a source of concern when it comes to beating vaccine-induced immunity or causing greater mortality. “But that needs to be studied properly,” he added.
The CCMB is currently studying the virus strain to determine if it has the potential to cause re-infection or beat vaccine-induced immunity, among other fields of inquiry. While results are not expected in another two weeks, the emergence of B.1.617 and its spread underscores the continuing threat of worrying mutant variants emerging in India, which has the second-highest number of active cases after the US.
Dr Mishra said while the strain does not seem to have “too many bad clinical features”, such as high mortality, its capability to spread “more smartly”, amid lax Covid-related behaviour, could result in the emergence of another more lethal strain. “A new variant may emerge on top of this variant and that might be trouble,” he added.
It was in February this year that a team of scientists in India at the National Centre for Disease Control and Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (IGIB) noted the presence of the potentially important L452R and E484Q mutations in the strain while analysing data from sequenced samples from Maharashtra.
They flagged it as a “variant of interest” as its prevalence began rising in Maharashtra, India’s worst-hit state, and it showed up in other states. Dr Anurag Agrawal, IGIB’s director, told ST the B.1.617 strain “appears to have” spread fast like the B.1.1.7 British strain that dominates positive “variants of concern” samples analysed so far in India.
He said while the B.1.617 is “probably less spreading” than the British variant, it may be more capable of beating immunity, adding that ongoing studies will throw greater light on the strain.
But “while B.1.617 does not increase mortality, it can overload your health infrastructure and then cause preventable deaths”, he added, saying this was speculation and ongoing studies will throw greater light on the strain.
The second wave in India has been characterised by greater breathlessness among patients, leading to a greater need for medical oxygen. It is not known if this is an impact of the new strain. The Indian Ministry of Health and Family Welfare acknowledged the “double mutant” strain’s presence in March but added on April 16 that the variant’s higher transmissibility had not been established.
The strain has also not been termed a variant of concern by the government and it has not shared the exact proportion of the B.1.617 strain among samples sequenced. Isolated samples of the B.1.617 strain were sequenced late last year and there have been concerns that India is not sequencing enough positive samples to efficiently track virus strains and their spread.
As at April 15, 13,614 samples had been sequenced and 1,189 of these tested positive as variants of concern, comprising those from the United Kingdom (1,109), South Africa (79) and Brazil (one).
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COVID-19 Triple Mutation Strain Detected In 4 States Across India; Here’s What It Is
Triple mutation occurs when three different strains combine together to form a new variant. As per reports, the new COVID variant is plasma therapy ineffective.
https://www.republicworld.com/india-news/general-news/covid-19-triple-mutation-strain-detected-in-4-states-across-india-heres-what-it-is.html
As India grapples with its second wave of Coronavirus, reports suggested that the extremely potent triple mutation strain of Coronavirus is being detected across various states in the country. As per reports, the COVID-19 triple mutation strain also known as the B.1.618 has been detected across 4 states in India namely– Maharashtra, Delhi, West Bengal, and Chhattisgarh.
Triple mutation occurs when three different strains combine together to form a new variant. It is important to mention that the COVID-19 triple mutation strain is plasma therapy ineffective.
About COVID-19 triple mutation strain
Elaborating on the new variant of Coronavirus, Vinod Scaria, a Scientist at CSIR-Institute of Genomics & Integrative Biology (CSIR-IGIB) on Tuesday took to his Twitter handle sharing how it was an “immune escape variant.” According to him, the B.1.618 – a new lineage of SARS-CoV-2 predominantly found in India is characterized by a distinct set of genetic variants including E484K which is a major immune escape variant. This lineage is characterized by a 6 nt deletion (H146del &Y145del), apart from E484K and D614G in spike protein.
“There are many unknowns for this lineage at this moment including its capability to cause reinfections as well as vaccine breakthrough infections. Additional experimental data is also required to assess the efficacy of vaccines against this variant,” said Scaria.
The scientist also asserted that E484K can escape multiple mAbs as well as panels of convalescent plasma. This means infection through this variant makes plasma therapy ineffective. This raises alarm amid the already existing B.1.617 (double mutant strain) which was found to be a cause of the surging cases of COVID-19 in Maharashtra.
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Double mutation of the Covid variant in India risks spreading to other countries, doctor says
Mar 30 2021
https://www.cnbc.com/2021/03/30/double-mutation-covid-variant-in-india-may-spread-to-other-countries-doctor-says.html
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Coronavirus: Brazil variant mutating, becoming more dangerous – study
APRIL 14, 2021
The changes could make the virus more resistant to vaccines.
https://www.jpost.com/health-science/coronavirus-brazil-variant-mutating-becoming-more-dangerous-study-665139
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Brazil variant can reinfect virus survivors; COVID-19 vaccine antibodies pass into breast milk
March 5, 2021
https://www.reuters.com/article/us-health-coronavirus-science-idUSKCN2AX2GB
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COVID-19 Mutation: SARS-CoV-2 Virus Can Find Alternate Route to Infect Cells
June 30, 2021
https://scitechdaily.com/covid-19-mutation-sars-cov-2-virus-can-find-alternate-route-to-infect-cells/
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Delta plus variant of SARS-CoV-2: How does it compare with the delta variant?
July 6, 2021
https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/delta-plus-variant-of-sars-cov-2-how-does-it-compare-with-the-delta-variant
A novel SARS-CoV-2 variant, the delta plus variant, has been identified in over 10 countries. Health authorities are raising concerns that the variant may have an increased ability to transmit, but they also note that this variant’s transmissibility is likely similar to that of the preexisting delta variant.
As ever more SARS-CoV-2 variants emerge, governments and public health experts continue to consider the best strategies to contain their spread. There are currently 11 variants of the SARS-CoV-2 virus that the World Health Organization (WHO)Trusted Source is monitoring.
One of these variants, the delta variant — also known as the B.1.617.2 lineage — was first identified in India in December 2020 and quickly became the most common variant in the country.
It has demonstrated 40–60% increased transmission, in comparison with the previously dominant alpha variant, and is currently the dominant SARS-CoV-2 variant in the United Kingdom.
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CDC: Covid cases up 10 percent as ‘hypertransmissible’ delta variant spreads
July 1, 2021
https://www.nbcnews.com/health/health-news/cdc-covid-cases-10-percent-hypertransmissible-delta-variant-spreads-n1272895
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The 3 Simple Rules That Underscore the Danger of Delta
July 1, 2021
1. The vaccines are still beating the variants.
2. The variants are pummeling unvaccinated people.
3. The longer Principle No. 2 continues, the less likely No. 1 will hold.
https://www.theatlantic.com/health/archive/2021/07/3-principles-now-define-pandemic/619336/?utm_source=pocket-newtab
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Driven by delta variant, COVID-19 surges across Africa
Jul 2, 2021
https://www.wcia.com/news/international/driven-by-delta-variant-covid-19-surges-across-africa/
JOHANNESBURG (AP) — Driven by the delta variant, a new wave of COVID-19 is sweeping across the African continent where new cases, hospital admissions, and deaths are increasing.
“The speed and scale of Africa’s third wave is like nothing we’ve seen before,” said Dr. Matshidiso Moeti, the WHO’s regional director for Africa.
South Africa is leading the new surge in Africa, where case numbers are doubling every three weeks, according to the World Health Organization.
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The Latest: WHO: Africa case numbers doubling every 3 weeks
July 2, 2021
https://www.fox28spokane.com/the-latest-who-africa-case-numbers-doubling-every-3-weeks/
JOHANNESBURG — Driven by the delta variant, a new wave of coronavirus is sweeping across the African continent where new cases, hospital admissions and deaths are increasing.
Case numbers are doubling every three weeks in Africa, according to the World Health Organization. South Africa is leading the surge, with more than 20,000 new cases reported Friday.
That has increased South Africa’s total to 1.9 million confirmed cases and 66,323 confirmed deaths. It represents more than 30% of the 5.5 million cases reported by Africa’s 54 countries, according to the Africa Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
Dr. Matshidiso Moeti, WHO’s regional director for Africa, says Africa’s third wave has large speed and scale. The delta variant, reported in 16 African countries, has become dominant in South Africa.
WHO says the delta variant has been detected in 97% of samples sequenced in Uganda and 79% of samples in Congo.
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South Africa to be put on England’s travel red list over new Covid variant
25 Nov 2021
Flights from six countries will be banned as officials review travel measures after scientists voice concern over variant
Flights from southern Africa will be banned, with six countries placed under England’s red list travel restrictions, after scientists raised the alarm over what is feared to be the worst Covid-19 variant yet identified.
Whitehall sources said the B.1.1.529 variant, which is feared to be more transmissible and has the potential to evade immunity, posed “a potentially significant threat to the vaccine programme which we have to protect at all costs”.
Hundreds of people who have recently returned from South Africa, where the variant was detected, and neighbouring countries are expected to be tracked down and offered tests in an effort to avoid the new variant entering the UK.
https://www.theguardian.com/world/2021/nov/25/scientists-call-for-travel-code-red-over-covid-variant-found-in-southern-africa
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A Second East African Variant: A.23.1
Sep 16, 2021
https://www.forbes.com/sites/williamhaseltine/2021/09/16/a-second-east-african-variant-a231/?sh=7f0909f86ed2
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Why the new A.23.1 variant is so troubling
Sep 17, 2021
https://www.deseret.com/coronavirus/2021/9/16/22677312/a231-variant-africa-covid
Experts identified a new variant — titled A.23.1 — that reveals a troubling sign of what’s possibly to come next
A new COVID-19 variant has been found in Africa, and it offers a troubling sign of what could come from COVID-19 variants in the future.
What is the A.23.1 COVID variant?
The new variant — titled A.23.1 — was first discovered in Uganda back in October 2020. Now, it has reached 26 different countries and represents just under 2,000 cases of COVID-19 across the world. Details of the variant were published in the medical journal Nature.
The variant has not been deemed a variant of concern or of interest by the World Health Organization yet.
Why is A.23.1 COVID variant different?
The variant “contains several mutations found in variants of concern as well as six unique substitutions,” according to Forbes.
But, more interestingly, the variant “does not share a common origin with all of the variants of interest or concern, including alpha, beta, gamma, delta and mu,” according to Forbes.
All of those variants have a mutation that shows its common origin. But A.23.1 does not share that.
In fact, it has more connections to the A.30 variant, which was originally found in Angola, and might have originated in Tanzania. Both of these variants don’t share an origin with the other major strains, Forbes reports.
“The discovery of two distinct but distantly related variants in East Africa is concerning in and of itself,” according to Forbes. “The observations that these variants arose independently from all others in the world, lacking the distinctive triad of mutations that link all other current variants demonstrates the versatility of SARS-CoV-2 adaptations to local conditions.”
Why the A.23.1 COVID variant is so dangerous
Scientists in Africa are concerned about the spread of COVID-19 variants in the continent. COVID-19 variants continue to emerge from Africa — somewhat because there is low vaccine availability and vaccination rates there — that could lead to a mutation that might evade vaccines, according to Bloomberg.
Per Bloomberg, the scientists — a group of 112 African and 25 international organizations — said that a “slow rollout of vaccines in most African countries creates an environment in which the virus can replicate and evolve. This will almost certainly produce additional VOCs, any of which could derail the global fight against COVID-19.”
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Covid-19 variants are driving a surge in infections across Africa – WHO
July 2, 2021
The World Health Organisation (WHO) has warned Africa is headed to a new record in infections
WHO data shows the Delta variant is behind the more severe illness among young people
The Beta variant is most widespread in southern Africa.
https://www.news24.com/news24/Africa/News/covid-19-variants-are-driving-a-surge-in-infections-across-africa-who-20210702
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Coronavirus: New ‘Lambda’ variant causes concern for WHO
JULY 7, 2021
https://www.jpost.com/health-science/vaccine-less-effective-against-new-lambda-covid-variant-concerns-who-673103
The Lambda Coronavirus variant is circulating in South America at high rates, and one study showed some vaccines to be less effective against it.
A new COVID-19 variant that vaccines are reportedly less effective against, referred to as the Lambda variant, has been classified as a variant of interest by the World Health Organization (WHO).
The Lambda variant is currently circulating several South American countries at a high rate, and the presence of critical mutations has been detected in the spike protein.
While the impact of the mutations on patient antibody immunity and vaccine efficiency are not fully known, the fact that the Delta variant has reduced vaccine efficiency to around 64% has led the WHO to think there may cause for concern over a similar resistance.
The effects of the Lambda variant were examined by a team of researchers, and the results were shared in a non-peer reviewed study published by Health Science website “medRxiv.”
The researchers used plasma samples from healthcare workers in Santiago, Chile who had received two doses of the Sinovac COVID-19 vaccine, in order to compare the efficiency of the vaccine against the new variant in comparison to how it had reacted to older strains.
They concluded that the mutations present in the spike protein of the Lambda variant vastly reduce the vaccine efficiency in comparison to the Alpha and Gamma variants, although no comparison was made between the Lambda and Delta variants.
Originally identified in Peru last year, the Lambda variant is responsible for 82% of new COVID cases in Peru over the past two months. About a third of cases in Chile over the same time frame were also caused by the Lambda strain, and the UK is among the few non-South American countries to have identified the variant in a handful of cases, according to Fortune magazine.
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What are the India, Brazil, South Africa and UK variants?
June 6, 2021
https://www.bbc.com/news/health-55659820
A coronavirus variant, first identified in India, is causing a spike in cases in some parts of the UK and experts are worried.
Experts say this variant, named Delta by the World Health Organization, is more transmissible than even the “Kent” or Alpha variant and is now dominant in the UK.
It could delay the final stage of easing of England’s Covid restrictions on 21 June, although hospitalisations remain flat.
What is happening with the India variant in the UK?
There are a few “India” variants, but one called B.1.617.2 appears to be spreading more quickly in the UK.
Surge testing is being deployed in some areas, including Bolton and Blackburn, to identify infections – but it may not be stopping the spread.
Second jabs for all over-50s (and the clinically vulnerable) in England are now being brought forward to protect more people, faster. Second doses will come eight weeks after the first, rather than 11-12 weeks.
Latest research suggests the Pfizer and AstraZeneca coronavirus vaccines are highly effective against the variant after two doses, but protection from one dose appears to be reduced.
What do we know about the different variants?
There are thousands of different variants of Covid circulating across the world.
Viruses mutate all the time and most changes are inconsequential. Some even harm the virus. But others can make the disease more infectious or threatening – and these mutations tend to dominate.
Those with the most potentially concerning changes are called “variants of concern” and kept under the closest watch by health officials, and include:
The India or Delta variant (B.1.617.2) of which more than 75,000 cases have been seen in across the UK
The UK, Kent or Alpha variant (also known as B.1.1.7) is prevalent in Britain – with more than 200,000 cases identified – and has spread to more than 50 countries and appears to be mutating again
The South Africa or Beta variant (B.1.351) has been identified in at least 20 other countries, including the UK
The Brazil or Gamma variant (P.1) has spread to more than 10 other countries, including the UK
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Mutation strain from India could kill current research efforts for coronavirus vaccine: report
April 14, 2020
https://www.foxnews.com/science/mutation-strain-from-india-could-kill-current-research-efforts-for-coronavirus-vaccine-report
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How a mutated coronavirus evades immune system defenses
March 16, 2021
Highlights need for vaccines to aim at multiple targets to minimize risk of resistance
https://news.harvard.edu/gazette/story/2021/03/how-sars-cov-2-evades-immune-system-defenses/
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Revealed: How the COVID-19 Virus Evades Our Immune System
December 9, 2021https://scitechdaily.com/revealed-how-the-covid-19-virus-evades-our-immune-system/Scientists at Hokkaido University and Texas A&M University have identified a key mechanism used by the SARS-CoV-2 virus to evade host immune systems.
Researchers in Japan and the United States have found SARS-CoV-2 can knock out an important molecular pathway linked to an immune complex called MHC class I. The finding should help scientists better understand how COVID-19 infection takes hold.
“Our discovery reveals how the virus can evade the human immune defense system and might help to explain why the pandemic has been so severe,” says Hokkaido University and Texas A&M University immunologist Koichi Kobayashi, who led the study. “The mechanisms we identify may provide new molecular targets for drug discovery.”
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How COVID-19 variants evade immune response
June 8, 2021
https://www.nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-matters/how-covid-19-variants-evade-immune-response
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“This Virus Is a Shape-Shifter!” – New Research Details How COVID Variants Are Evolving New Ways To Evade Vaccines
December 3, 2021
https://scitechdaily.com/this-virus-is-a-shape-shifter-new-research-details-how-covid-variants-are-evolving-new-ways-to-evade-vaccines/?fbclid=IwAR0qUCZitjdnzbrRRDWBCNAFpP7sFEyxd6Q_QQ4JP0l41TCIglakI2Uribs&utm_source=TrendMD&utm_medium=cpc&utm_campaign=SciTechDaily_TrendMD_0
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SARS-CoV-2 can recruit a heme metabolite to evade antibody immunity
28 May 2021
https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/sciadv.abg7607
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COVID strain in South Africa shows huge resistance to antibodies from original virus
January 22, 2021
https://www.cbsnews.com/news/south-africa-covid-strain-resistance-antibodies-coronavirus-vaccine-latest-research/
Durban, South Africa — The race to vaccinate people against COVID-19 has been made even more urgent by the emergency of new, more contagious variants of the coronavirus. CBS News got rare access to a lab in South Africa studying one of the more worrying new strains of the virus, which appears to have at least some resistance to the antibodies that vaccines create in the human body to fend off the bug.
Virus hunters in the high-risk biohazard lab in Durban are hot on the trail of the mutant strain spreading at breakneck speed across South Africa. The virus has mutated to attach itself more easily to human cells, making the disease no more deadly, but helping it spread a lot more easily.
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South African COVID-19 strain can ‘break through’ vaccine: researchers
04/11/21
https://thehill.com/policy/healthcare/public-global-health/547578-south-african-covid-19-strain-can-break-through?rl=1
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MUST WATCH, South Africa Chief Justice expose S@tanic V@CCIN3, Corruptions
Premiered Dec 12, 2020
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DbaFAqt3Do0
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Coronavirus has mutated to become far deadlier in Europe than the milder strain that made its way to the US west coast, Chinese study claims
April 20, 2021
Researchers in China have found at least 30 strains of the SARS-CoV-2 virus
Some of the deadliest mutations were found in Zhejiang, as well as in Europe
The most severe strains could generate up to 270 times as much viral load
Milder mutations were mostly found in the US, such as in Washington state
Here’s how to help people impacted by Covid-19
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Most Mutated Covid-19 Variant Yet Found in Tanzania Travelers
March 26, 2021
The most mutated variant of the coronavirus yet was found in travelers from Tanzania, prompting scientists to call for greater monitoring in a country that has largely ignored the pandemic.
A report submitted to the World Health Organization and regional bodies shows the strain has 10 more mutations than found on any other version, according to Tulio de Oliveira, director of Krisp, a scientific institute that carries out genetic testing for 10 African nations. Krisp, which discovered a new strain in South Africa last year that propelled a resurgence of infections in the country, found the new variant in travelers arriving in Angola from Tanzania.
“It is potentially of interest,” de Oliveira said in an interview on Friday.
Variants of the coronavirus have caused concern globally as, for instance, the one first identified in South Africa known as 501Y.V2 has proven more infectious and able to more easily evade some vaccines. Still, no work has been done yet on the version found in three Tanzanian travelers to ascertain whether it is more infectious or severe than other strains.
https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2021-03-26/most-mutated-covid-19-variant-yet-found-in-tanzania-travelers
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Exposing structural variations in SARS-CoV-2 evolution
11 November 2021
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-021-01650-3
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Four studies devoted to understanding how mutations accumulate in human cells over time
August 26, 2021
https://phys.org/news/2021-08-devoted-mutations-accumulate-human-cells.html
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WHO now using Greek alphabet for coronavirus variant names
May 31, 2021
https://www.ctvnews.ca/health/coronavirus/who-now-using-greek-alphabet-for-coronavirus-variant-names-1.5450257
The WHO, which has urged people not to use language to advance COVID-19 profiling of people or nationalities, has also said people should avoid using country names in association with emerging variants.
The four coronavirus variants considered of concern by the UN agency and known generally by the public as the U.K., South Africa, Brazil and India variants have now been assigned the Greek letters Alpha, Beta, Gamma and Delta, respectively, according to the order of their detection.
Other variants of interest continue down the alphabet.
“While they have their advantages, these scientific names can be difficult to say and recall, and are prone to misreporting,” said the WHO, explaining the decision.
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Vietnam detects a ‘very dangerous’ hybrid coronavirus variant that spreads quickly
May 29, 2021
https://www.abc.net.au/news/2021-05-29/vietnam-detects-new-coronavirus-variant/100176522
Authorities in Vietnam have detected a new coronavirus variant that is a combination of the Indian and UK COVID-19 variants and spreads quickly by air, the country’s health minister says.
After successfully containing the virus for most of last year, Vietnam is grappling with a spike in infections since late April that accounts for more than half of the total 6,713 registered cases.
So far, there have been 47 deaths.
“Vietnam has uncovered a new COVID-19 variant combining characteristics of the two existing variants first found in India and the UK,” Health Minister Nguyen Thanh Long said in a statement.
“The new variant is very dangerous,” he added.
The South-East Asian country had previously detected seven virus variants: B.1.222, B.1.619, D614G, B.1.1.7 — known as the UK variant, B.1.351, A.23.1 and B.1.617.2 — the “Indian variant”.
Online newspaper VnExpress said Mr Long had described the new variant as a hybrid of the Indian and UK variants.
“The new one is an Indian variant with mutations that originally belong to the UK variant,” Mr Long was quoted as saying, adding that authorities would soon announce the name and detailed characteristics of the newly discovered variant.
The World Health Organization (WHO) has identified four variants of SARS-CoV-2 of global concern.
These include variants that emerged first in India, in Britain, in South Africa and in Brazil.
Officials at the WHO did not immediately respond to a request for comment regarding the new variant identified in Vietnam.
Laboratory cultures of the new variant, which is much more transmissible than the previously known types, revealed that the virus replicated itself very quickly, Mr Long was quoted as saying.
He said that could explain why so many new cases had appeared in different parts of the country within a short period of time.
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COVID-19 Continues to Spread in Vietnam’s North
May 20, 2021
Vietnam’s outbreak highlights the fact that victories against the coronavirus are fragile and easily reversed.
https://thediplomat.com/2021/05/covid-19-continues-to-spread-in-vietnams-north/
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Breaking: Vietnam records highest single-day spike in Covid-19 cases
04.07.2021
https://vietreader.com/news/46152-breaking-vietnam-records-highest-single-day-spike-in-covid-19-cases.html
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Vietnam’s COVID resurgence prompts strict new lockdowns
25.05.2021
Vietnam is currently experiencing a record high in new COVID cases. Authorities are locking down entire streets, closing businesses, and curbing tourism to stop the spread.
https://www.dw.com/en/vietnams-covid-resurgence-prompts-strict-new-lockdowns/a-57654484
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